Removal of Cesium from Radioactive Waste Liquids Using Geomaterials

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the removal of Cs from aqueous solutions using geomaterials. Adsorption was chosen as an effective method to develop for the removal of Cs from radioactive waste liquids. Geomaterials, including fly ash and slag as raw materials, were prepared as adsorbents using an alkali activator. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS); and BET surface area, pore volume, and pore size analysis. The effects of various parameters, such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of the Cs were studied. The partition coefficient (PC) as well as the adsorption capacity were evaluated to assess the true performance of the adsorbent in this work. The fly ash-based geomaterials showed a maximum Cs adsorption capacity of 89.32 mg·g−1 and a high PC of 31.02 mg·g−1·mM−1 for the Cs under our experimental conditions. From this work, this method can be regarded being practical for use as a potential adsorbent for treating Cs in wastewater. Furthermore, the immobilization of Cs in geomaterials was explored from a chemical perspective. In conclusion, fly ash-based geomaterials may be a promising option for the treatment and disposal of nuclear-contaminated waste.