Significance of Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Suspected COVID-19 Infection at Hospital Admission

Abstract

With a lung ultrasound (LUS) the typical findings are interstitial pneumonia. COVID-19 pneumonia is often manifested in sub-pleural areas, which is preferably detected by sonography. An RT-PCR test cannot always ensure a safe differentiation of COVID-19- and non-diseased cases. Clinically challenging is that a reliable and time efficient decision regarding COVID-19 suspects requiring isolation. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the significance of LUS in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 suspicion at hospital admission. A total of 101 patients admitted to a suspect ward with COVID-19-typical symptoms were assessed. All patients received prospectively a standardized LUS at admission. Patients were classified as LUS-positive and -negative cases based on a specific LUS score. The RT-PCR test in combination with the clinical findings served as a reference. Correctly classified were 14/15 COVID-19 diseased suspects as LUS-positive (sensitivity: 93.3%). Twenty-seven out of 61 non-positive cases were classified as false positive with LUS (specificity: 55.7%). In 34/35 patients who were assessed as LUS negative, no COVID-19 disease was detected during the hospitalization. The PPV and NPV of the LUS were 34.1% and 97.1%. LUS is a valuable tool in symptomatic patients for the assessment of COVID-19-disease. The high negative predictive value of LUS is helpful to rule out the disease.