Concentration with Nanofiltration of Red Wine Cabernet Sauvignon Produced from Conventionally and Ecologically Grown Grapes: Effect on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different operating conditions (four pressures: 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 MPa; two temperature regimes: with and without cooling) and wine type on phenolic compounds retention during the nanofiltration process of two Cabernet Sauvignon red wines (conventionally and ecologically produced). The nanofiltration process was conducted on Alfa Laval LabUnit M20 with plate module and six NF M20 membranes. In initial wines and obtained retentates, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, monomeric anthocyanins content, antioxidant activity, individual phenolic compounds and CIELab colour parameters were determined. A loss of total phenolic compounds and decrease in antioxidant activity was observed in all retentates comparing to initial wine. However, retentate cooling and higher pressure increased their retention. Besides processing parameters, individual phenolic compound retention depended on several factors, such as the wine type, chemical properties of compounds and membrane type, and their combinations. Different chemical composition of initial conventional and ecological wine influenced the retention of individual compounds.