Habitat Suitability Modeling for the Feeding Ground of Immature Albacore in the Southern Indian Ocean Using Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Data

Abstract

In the current study, remotely sensed sea surface ocean temperature (SST) and sea surface chlorophyll (SSC), an indicator of tuna abundance, were used to determine the optimal feeding habitat zone of the southern Indian Ocean (SIO) albacore using a habitat suitability model applied to the 2000–2016 Taiwanese longline fishery data. The analysis showed a stronger correlation between the 2-month lag SSC and standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) than 0-, 1-, 3-, and 4-month lag SSC. SST also exhibited a stronger correlation with standardized CPUE. Therefore, SST and SSC_2 were selected as final variables for model construction. An arithmetic mean model with SST and SSC_2 was deemed suitable to predict the albacore feeding habitat zone in the SIO. The preferred ranges of SSC_2 and SST for the feeding habitat of immature albacore were 0.07–0.09 mg m−3 and 16.5–18.5 °C, respectively, and mainly centralized at 17.5 °C SST and 0.08 mg m−3 SSC_2. The selected habitat suitability index model displayed a high correlation (R2 = 0.8276) with standardized CPUE. Overall, temperature and ocean chlorophyll were found to be essential for albacore habitat formation in the SIO, consistent with previous studies. The results of this study can contribute to ecosystem-based fisheries management in the SIO by providing insights into the habitat preference of immature albacore tuna in the SIO.