Development of diets for personalized nutrition of schoolchildren with diseases of blood, metabolism and diabetes

Abstract

The daily diet of schoolchildren in boarding schools on a round-the-clock basis consists of five meals a day. It includes breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner and a second dinner at 21.00. The calorie content of this diet differs from the indicators of the physiological need and requirements for the organization of nutrition specified in SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08, for the nutrition of children and adolescents over 1000 kcal. The calculation of the two-week menu was carried out on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 454 dated 05.24.2017 “On the approval of the norms and procedure for providing free meals, a free set of clothes, shoes and soft equipment for minors in federal institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency at the expense of the federal budget”. The purpose of the study was to develop a menu of complete rations for the nutrition of schoolchildren in closed boarding schools. The menu was made taking into account the seasonality: spring-summer and autumn-winter. The age group of adolescents was chosen from 11 to 18 years old. Recommendations for the nutrition of children in boarding schools are extended throughout the Russian Federation. As a result of the development of complete food rations, it has been found that the menu includes foods with higher calories and with an increased portion yield (second courses, side dishes, bread). The menu includes products with a high content of vitamins and minerals. The inclusion of potatoes in the diet, which exceeds the indicators of SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 for this group of products by more than 2 times, will not only saturate the body with carbohydrates, but also microelements, especially lithium, which will have a calming effect on the nervous system of the child s body. A variety of juices, fresh fruits and vegetables in year-round consumption will help shape the vital functions of the body. In addition, the introduction of meat, fish and fermented milk products into the diet will ensure growth and physical development.