Monitoring System for Soil Moisture, Temperature, pH and Automatic Watering of Tomato Plants Based on Internet of Things

Abstract

At present digitalization is almost all equipment utilizing technology. One of the benefits can be applied to agriculture, namely the internet of things to monitor agricultural ecosystems and can be used as a reference for farmers in making decisions. This system is designed so that farmers can know the parameters of measurement information, namely soil moisture, temperature, pH and watering and liquid fertilization are carried out automatically which affects the growth of the tomato plant, and certainly facilitates the activities of farmers. With the implementation of this system, it is expected to be able to provide good effects for farmers and produce quality products that are healthy for consumption, and can minimize crop failures. System testing and placement is carried out in a greenhouse where in several measuring parameters such as air temperature and pH by using a microcontroller, DHT11 sensor, soil moisture sensor, pH sensor and ESP8266 connected to the internet network to send information on a smartphone equipped with an application Blynk. The ideal data needed by a tomato plant is the optimal data level of soil moisture between 60% -80% so that it is not too dry or wet, for temperatures needed 24-28 degrees Celsius, and a stable pH 56. By using the linear regression calibration method with the equation to find the pH, namely X (pH) = (330.46-Y (ADC)) / 45.49, the results are quite accurate where the test error is 1.59%, while the temperature sensor detects the mean error in the time unit test ie 0.92%. While the overall testing of the system obtained varied results depending on the test following a 24-hour time unit, but the tomato plants studied had quite ideal results where the values ranged from 30 80% for soil moisture, and> 5.5 7.2 for pH