Meaning of Work Across Different Generations of Tourism and Hospitality Employees

Abstract

This research aims to understand the meaning of work for four generations of employees in the tourism and hospitality sector. A quantitative survey study based on open-ended questions was conducted in 2019. The generations were divided into Generation Z born in 1999 and after, Generation Y born in the period 1980-1998, Generation X born in the period 1965-1979 and the Baby Boomer generation born in the period 1946-1964. The questionnaire was sent to employees of companies participating in an ESF-funded project. The data includes 15 (9.1%) Generation Z, 92 (56.1%) Generation Y, 42 (25.6%) Generation X and 15 Baby Boomer (9.1%) employees in Finnish tourism and food sector SMEs. According to the results of a content analysis, the responses were categorized into four categories, which were self, other, work context and spiritual life. These categories were divided into sub-categories based on the responses. The findings from the Generation Z answers were divided between getting work experience and a regular income as the main sources of meaning of the work. Generation Y, Generation X, and the Baby Boomers reported a balance of work and non-work domains, and the way work improves the quality of their life as the main sources of meaning of work. The social significance of work was an important part of the meaning of work for Generation Y and Generation X. All other generations, except the Baby Boomers, also valued monetary rewards. By taking into account the views of different generations, tools and operating models can be developed to support management, invest in employee engagement and commitment and also enhance well-being at work. In the long term, this will improve customer satisfaction and companies profitability.