Dinámica espacio-temporal de uso, cambio de uso y cobertura de suelo en la región centro de la Sierra Madre Oriental: Implicaciones para una estrategia REDD+ (Reducción de Emisiones por la Deforestación y Degradación)

Abstract

In Mexico, deforestation of forests have placed a wide variety of species of flora and fauna in danger of extinction. This impact generates large emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This work analyzed the dynamics of change in coverage and land use in the central region of the Sierra Madre Oriental, particularly in the Huasteca region. Three Landsat satellite images (1986, 1990 and 2000) and one Spot 2015 satellite image were interpreted and classified. Deforestation rates will be calculated using the method proposed by FAO. Future scenarios were developed with the DINAMICA EGO Software, to know the trends of change in land cover and uses up to 2030 and 2050. The carbon potential is estimated in two fragments of tropical mountain cloud forest (TMCF) in the municipalities of Tlanchinol and San Bartolo through the NDVI method and based on INFYS from CONAFOR for the implementation of a future REDD + strategy. The results indicated for the Huasteca region, the annual deforestation rates range between 0.7% and 4.5% and for the tropical mountain cloud forest fragments between 1.3% and 1.5%, which are transformed for agricultural areas. The estimated amount of carbon for both fragments of bosque was 13,539. 84 tons per hectare for the municipality of Tlanchinol and 4,363.02 tons of carbon per hectare for the municipality of San Bartolo. For this reason, REDD + would slow down the advance of deforestation in Huasteca and the fragments TMCF in the central region of the Sierra Madre Oriental. However, it is necessary to involve studies such as that of this work for the construction of a future strategy aimed at a comprehensive management of the territory in a sustainable way.