Adherencia terapéutica en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 en un programa de enfermedades crónicas. Huánuco 2017

Abstract

espanolObjetivo: Evaluar si el conocimiento sobre Diabetes Mellitus (DM), la funcionalidad familiar y la depresion estan asociados a la Adherencia Terapeutica en adultos con DM tipo 2. Metodos: Estudio analitico de corte transversal. Se realizo en el programa de diabetes del CAP-UNHEVAL del Hospital II Essalud. Participantes: pacientes con DM tipo 2. Intervenciones: Segun los criterios de inclusion y exclusion. Se utilizo instrumentos de recoleccion validados, se entrevisto durante dos meses. Se realizo el analisis descriptivo; para el analisis inferencial: prueba Chi2 con significancia del 95%. Se empleo el paquete estadistico SPSS y Microsoft Excel. Resultados. La edad promedio: 61,95 anos, enfermedades mas frecuentes: dislipidemia (23,8%) e HTA (43,6%). El conocimiento sobre DM2 fue no aceptable (86%), se obtuvo un 95,9% con una mala funcion familiar y un 90,2% de depresion. Variables asociadas a la mala adherencia del tratamiento diabetico fueron: disfuncion familiar [p=0,00; OR=26.18; IC: 95% (8,71 – 78,64)], conocimiento no aceptable sobre DM2 [p=0,00; OR=23.57; IC 95% (8,54 – 65,06)] y depresion [p=0,00; OR=6.81; IC 95% (3,00 – 15,45)]. Conclusiones: La mala adherencia al tratamiento esta influenciada por la disfuncion familiar, el pobre conocimiento sobre la diabetes y la depresion. EnglishObjective: To assess whether knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus (DM), family functionality and depression are associated with Therapeutic Adherence in adults with type 2 DM. Methods: Analytical study of cross section. It was carried out in the diabetes program of CAP-UNHEVAL of Hospital II Essalud. Participants: patients with type 2 DM. Interventions: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Validated collection instruments were used, interviewed for two months. The descriptive analysis was carried out; for inferential analysis: Chi2 test with 95% significance. The statistical package SPSS and Microsoft Excel was used. Results. The average age: 61.95 years, most frequent diseases: dyslipidemia (23.8%) and hypertension (43.6%). Knowledge about DM2 was not acceptable (86%), 95.9% with poor family function and 90.2% with depression were obtained. Variables associated with poor adherence to diabetic treatment were: family dysfunction [p = 0.00; RP = 26.18; CI: 95% (8.71 - 78.64)], unacceptable knowledge on DM2 [p = 0.00; RP= 23.57; 95% CI (8.54-65.06)] and depression [p = 0.00; RP= 6.81; 95% CI (3.00 - 15.45)]. Conclusions: Poor adherence to treatment is influenced by family dysfunction, poor knowledge about diabetes and depression.