Revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de terapia de espejo para tratar el dolor fantasma de personas amputadas

Abstract

Phantom limb pain is a common complication after a limb amputation. Its pathophysiology is complex and the pharmacological treatment available is not satisfactory. So, the focus is being diverted towards non-pharmacological therapies such as mirror therapy, a technique described in the 90s by Ramachandran that consists in creating the illusion of seeing the amputated limb by visualizing the reflection of the existing limb in a mirror. A study published in 2007 concluded that it is effective for the treatment of phantom pain in patients with lower limb amputation. The main objective of this work was to review the most recent scientific literature on the application of mirror therapy for the treatment of phantom pain of amputees. As specific objectives, assess the scientific evidence that supports its use, identify contraindications and adverse effects, analyze the application protocols used, and find out if there are indivi-dual factors that could influence the response of patients.Through a bibliographic search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Cuiden were located and evaluated two systematic reviews and eight primary studies. Mirror therapy is an affordable therapeutic option, easy to apply, with few contraindications and which does not usually produce severe adverse effects, but not enough scientific evidence has been found to support its use in amputees. There are many doubts regarding its mechanism of action, best form of application and effectiveness. It is necessary to carry out more studies.