A STUDY ON HUMAN CADAVERIC PANCREAS: VARIATIONS IN DIAMETERS OF ISLETS OF\nLANGERHANS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP

Abstract

18 www.worldwidejournals.com 16 observed in non-frozen islets .Post mortem examination of the pancreas in long-term diabetes shows an absence or greatly reduced number of insulin-staining beta cells; the residual pseudoatrophic islets contain abundant alpha cells 17 and show light fibrosis . Literature on study on pancreas in terms of histology and morbid anatomy is not available from this part of the country (North East India).This study was doneconsidering the seriousness of pancreatic diseases and the utmost importance of its correct diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine& Pathology of Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati from May, 2016 to December,2019, based on collection of 103 human pancreas aging from 13 to 78 years of both sexes, excluding any apparent signs of putrefaction of the viscera, any injury in pancreas, death due to poisoning, known pancreatic disease and specimens having medicolegal obligation.Simple random samplings were used for sampling method. The collected samples were divided into seven age groups: A (10-19 years), B (20-29 years), C (30-39 years), D (40-49 years), E (50-59 years), F (60-69 years) and G (≥70 years), for convenient description of their various age-related changes 18 (according to Varley et al.). Preparation of the slides: Selection of the tissue were cut(3 mm × 3 mm)with scissors for histological study. The length of the tissue was 1 inch. The histological slides were prepared by using standard procedure with Harris s Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. Measurement of average diameter of islets of Langerhans: For measurement of diameter of islets of Langerhans, five slides were selected from head, body and tail region were examined under 400 magnification (×40 objectives, ×10 eyepiece). The diameter of islets of Langerhans was measured by using a stage micrometer and ocular micrometer. Micrometry was done following Drury 19 R.A.B et al .Two measurements were taken for each of islets of Langerhans. One measurement was taken at the maximum transverse diameter of islets and the other was perpendicular to the previous one. Hence, the transvertical diameter of the islets of pancreas was measured by taking the mean of the two diameters as follows: Average diameter = (Maximum transverse diameter + Maximum perpendicular diameter) ÷ 2 The stage micrometer calibration was focused under 40x objective and the 10x ocular micrometer calibration was super imposed on them in such a way that the starting mark on the ocular micrometer matches exactly with the starting mark on the stage micrometer. Then the marker on the stage and ocular micrometer that corresponds to each other most closely was noted. In this way, determination of how many of the smallest division of the ocular micrometer corresponded with how many of the smallest division of the stage micrometer was done. Then the calculation was done to determine the average diameter of the islets of pancreas Statistical processing of data: Data were collected and appropriate statistical analyses were done by using IBM SPSS version26.Paired sample t-test was conducted to check for significant difference in the average number of islets in head, body and tail. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicates significant difference in the average number of islets between two groups. Ethical clearance: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati.A written informed consent had been taken in English as well as in Assamese languages from the attendantsand permission from concerned authority for post mortem cases. RESULTS AND OBSERVATION: Diameter of Islets of Langerhans in the head of the pancreas:The average diameter of pancreatic islets were found 106.00 ±1.15μm, 103.68± 0.85μm, 100.88 ± 9.64μm, 89.66 ± 12.16μm, 84.08 ± 4.63μm, 88.40 ± 0.64μm and 79.16 ± 2.11μm in group A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. The differences between the diameter of pancreatic islets were statistically significant inA vs B, A vs D, A vs E, A vs F, A vs G, B vs D, B vs E, B vs F, B vs G, C vs E, C vs F,C vs G, F vs G (table 9).In the present study, the diameter of Islets of Langerhans were decreased up to E group and again increased in F group before decreased in G group. In the head region the diameter was gradually decreased as age increases. Diameter of Islets of Langerhans in the body of the pancreas: The average diameter of pancreatic islets were found 80.48 ± 1.10μm, 110.34 ± 0.83μm, 94.42 ± 9.81μm, 83.44 ± 5.35μm, 83.20 ± 4.74μm, 84.62 ± 1.15μm and 76.72 ± 1.69μm in group A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. The differences between the diameter of pancreatic islets were statistically significant inA vs B, A vs C, A vs F, A vs G, B vs C, B vs D, B vs E, B vs F, B vs G, C vs G,D vs G, E vs G and F vs G (table 9).In the present study, the diameter of Islets of Langerhans was found to be increased in group B, then graduallyit decreased in diameter. The decreased diameter in the body part was found in the both extremities of life. Diameter of Islets of Langerhans in the tail of the pancreas: The average diameter of pancreatic islets were found 81.92± 0.70μm, 100.22± 1.13μm, 115.0± 10.51μm, 122.84± 6.18μm, 132.16 ± 5.61μm, 99.12 ± 0.40μm and 96.30 ± 1.31μm in group A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. The differences between the diameter of pancreatic islets were statistically significant inA vs B, A vs C, A vs D, A vs E, A vs F, A vs G, B vs C, B vs D, B vs E, B vs G, C vs E, C vs F, C vs G, D vs F, D vs G, E vs F, E vs G and F vs G (table 9).In the present study, the diameter of Islets of Langerhans increased up to group E then gradually it was decreased. The decreased diameter in the tail part of pancreas was found in the both extremities of life. TABLE – 1 ANALYSIS REPORT OF DIAMETER OF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE HEAD, BODY AND TAIL OF THE PANCREAS IN GROUP A (10 to 19 Years): TABLE – 2 ANALYSIS REPORT OF DIAMETEROF ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE HEAD, BODY AND TAIL OF THE PANCREAS IN GROUP B (20 to 29 Years): PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL F RESEARCH | O March 202 Volume 10 | Issue 03 | 1 | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex Slide No Head Body Tail