Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health | 2021
The host risk factors for pneumonia among children aged 6 – 59 months in Indonesia: An analysis of The 2018 National Basic Health Research data
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is the second major cause of child mortality in Indonesia. By understanding its risk factors, the stakeholders can conduct preventive measures to reduce the child morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia. Aim: This study determined the host factors for pneumonia in Indonesian children aged 6-59 months as reported in the 2018 Basic Health Research data. Settings and Design: This study deployed a cross-sectional approach and used secondary data that represent the national public health indicators from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research. Methods and Material: The respondents were children aged 6 – 59 months old (N = 36,616). The Basic Health Research measured pneumonia status through an interview with the respondent’s parents concerning doctor’s diagnosis during 2017-2018. Statistical analysis used: A multivariate analysis was performed, and it included variables with P≤0.25 in the bivariate analysis. A statistically significant relationship was determined if the variables showed a P-value<0.05. Results: From the final model, the host risk factors for increasing pneumonia cases among children under five years old involved acute respiratory infection (OR=3.3, 95%CI=2.8-3.9, P<0.000), incomplete basic DPT-HB-HiB vaccination (OR=1.5, 95%CI=1.2-1.9, P<0.000), wasting (OR=1.3, 95%CI=1-1.6, P=0.024) and younger child age 6-23 months (OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.1=1.5, P=0.002). Conclusion: Host risk factors for pneumonia were the aspects that parents or health workers can control. Concerning risk factors for pneumonia can prevent and detect pneumonia cases earlier. To what extent pneumonia can increase, other risk factors should be investigated in the future study.