Study on safe dose of ginseng based on literatures from Tang dynasty to Republic period

Abstract

Objective \nTo study the safe dose of Ginseng (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) through analysis of literature from Tang dynasty (618 AD) to Republic period (1949 AD). \n \n \nMethods \nThe selection strategy for literature and prescriptions was made to acquire the formulae in need. The authoritative prescription-books from Tang Dynasty to Republic period, or representative books of the renowned doctors who was good at using Ginseng in that period were chosen. From the books above mentioned, prescriptions with Ginseng to tranquilize mind were included, in which insomnia and/or dreaminess were recorded as symptoms or clinical applications. Prescriptions without definite dose or only with dose for children were excluded. All herbal names were standardized according to current TCM terms. Then the maximum, minimum, frequency and 80% confidence interval of dose were studied. The dose range of Ginseng in deferent dosage form was discussed according to above data. \n \n \nResults \nFourteen classical TCM books were included, from which 85 formulae were studied. In the form of root slices decoction, the applied daily dose of Ginseng ranged from 3.73 g to 18.65 g, while in the formulae with symptom of dreaminess, the dose ranged from 7.46 g to 11.19g. In the form of root powder decoction, the single dose range was 0.07 g to 5.16 g, while in the formulae with symptom of dreaminess, the dose range was 1.03 g to 4.45 g. In the form of pill or powder, the single dose range was 0.68 g to 6.54 g, and 12% to 30% in total dose of the prescription. \n \n \nConclusion \nFor the root slices decoction, the favorable dose range of Ginseng is between 7 g and 11 g, but not more than 18.00 g per day. For the root power decoction, the favorable dose range is from 1 g to 4.00 g, and the maximum single dose is 5.00 g. For pill or powder form, the maximum dose is 6.00 g, taking 12% to 30% in total prescription. \n \n \nKey words: \nPanax;\xa0Clinical safe dose;\xa0Data mining