The conflicts of (Neo)extractivism: Mines, tailings dams, and protected areas in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Abstract

The third largest Brazilian metropolis - Belo Horizonte - accommodates local communities within its peri-urban area surrounding the Serra do Gandarela. These communities experience tensions, risk, and conflicts due to the expansion of mining activities. By analyzing the creation of the Serra do Gandarela National Park, as well as the existing and new tailings dams in the area, this article aims to unveil the conflicts experienced by these communities. We conclude that the environmental conflicts arise from policies of economic development (neo-extractivism related to progress and growth), which tend to deprive the local communities of access, use, and control of natural and land resources. In addition, the imminent risks and the disasters associated with the construction and operation of tailings dams allow for the rise of disaster capitalism.