Análisis de la Sensibilidad Paramétrica de la Síntesis de o-Nitroanilina en un Reactor Batch Industrial

Abstract

espanolEn este trabajo se estudio la sensibilidad parametrica del proceso de produccion de o-nitroanilina, a partir de amoniaco y o-nitrobenceno, para determinar sus condiciones seguras de operacion. Se analizaron los datos de operacion batch industrial relacionados con el accidente ocurrido en la planta de Monsanto ubicada en Sauget, Illinois, Estados Unidos. Para las condiciones de ese dia, con los balances de materia y energia, se modelo la variacion de la temperatura en el reactor. Adicionalmente, se calcularon los coeficientes de sensibilidad local de la temperatura del sistema respecto a la cantidad alimentada de o-nitrobenceno para diferentes temperaturas iniciales de operacion. Asi, se determinaron las condiciones seguras de operacion en funcion de diferentes condiciones iniciales de operacion. Finalmente, se logro explicar como la combinacion de dos cambios en la operacion (carga del reactor y falla en el fluido de servicio) fueron los factores que promovieron la ruptura del reactor. EnglishIn this work, the parametric sensitivity of the production process of o-nitroaniline, from ammonia and o-nitrobenzene, was studied with the aim of determining its safe operating conditions. The industrial batch operation data, related to the accident occurred at the Monsanto plant located in Sauget, Illinois, United States, were analyzed. For the conditions of that day, using the mass and energy balances, the variation of the reactor temperature was modeled. Additionally, local-sensitivity temperature coefficients were calculated with respect to the amount of o-nitrobenzene fed to the reactor for different initial operating temperatures. Thus, safe operating conditions were determined according to different initial operating conditions. Finally, it was explained how the combination of two factors in the operational conditions (reactor load and failure in the service fluid) were the factors that promoted the rupture of the reactor.