Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to Tobacco and Wood Smoke on Hypothalamic Development and Cognition: An Integrative Review of the Literature

Abstract

Exposure to air pollution and its pollutants has been associated with important effects on human health since the first years of life, thus it has been seen that exposure to tobacco smoke and wood smoke is directly related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, respiratory and cancers. However, exposure to air pollution during fetal development and its effects on bra in structure and function during early childhood and adolescence have been little studied. In this review we have analyzed the lit erature on prenatal exposure to tobacco and wood smoke and its relationship with hypothalamic development and cognition in the first years o life.The molecular, morphological and physiological aspects of the relationship between preand postnatal exposure to tobacco and wood smoke with neural developmental, cognitive and behavioral problems during early childhood and adolescence have not yet bee n fully clarified. The information available in the scientific literature based on antecedents obtained from epidemiological stud ies has been negatively affected by confounding variables and great methodological challenges that make it impossible to affirm an exact cau sal relationship with certainty.