An Analysis Using Modified Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension for Patients with Endogenous Cardiac Arrest

Abstract

Aims: We prospectively investigated whether or not a rapid ultrasound for shock and hypotension (RUSH) examination is useful for managing patients with endogenous cardiac arrest (CA). Settings and Design: A prospective medical chart review in a single hospital. Materials and Methods: From March 2016 to December 2017, we performed a modified RUSH for all patients with out-of-hospital endogenous CA. We investigated the frequency of positive findings on modified RUSH and what kind of diseases could most easily be pinpointed as the cause of CA by the modified RUSH. Results: During the investigation period, 194 participants were enrolled in the present study. They were primarily male, with an average age of 68.8-year-old, and 178/194 (91.7%) died as outpatients. The most frequent cause of CA was cardiogenic, followed by aortic disease, respiratory failure, and stroke except for unknown. There were 14/26 (54%) aortic disease patients who showed positive RUSH findings. Among cases of the aortic disease, only aortic dissections had positive findings. Aside from aortic disease, there were no cases of positive findings of the modified RUSH among the remaining diseases, and all patients with positive findings died. Only pulseless electrical activity (PEA) was a statistically significant factor for positive findings of the modified RUSH in cases of the aortic disease. Conclusions: The present study revealed that, among patients with out-of-hospital endogenous CA, modified RUSH is useful for diagnosing ascending aortic dissection for the detection of hemothorax and/or cardiac tamponade, especially with PEA.