Dadima (Punica granatum L.), as an Aushadha (medicine), depicted in Ayurveda: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Introduction: The description of plants used in Ayurveda can be traced from hundreds of written texts. Dadima (Punica granatum L.), of family Lytheraceae, is one among the plants described under Phala Varga, a classification of Aahara Varga mentioned by ancient scriptures of Ayurveda; it is highlighted for its wide range of use as an Aahara (diet) and Aushadha (drug) in different diseased conditions. Single-hand information about this plant is still lacking. Aim: To obtain comprehensive information on Dadima (as an aushadha) different classical texts of Ayurveda. Results: Thirty-two names, known as Paryaya (synonyms), have been attributed, highlighting its morphological characteristics and pharmacological properties and actions. Dadima, as an ingredient, is included in 634 formulations. Among 530 Aushadha Kalpana (a drug), 433 were indicated for its internal use, 93 for its external use, and 4 for its external as well as internal use. Dadima is indicated in 80 different diseased conditions; among them, the maximum formulations have been found to be used in Atisara (76). Various research activities, such as antidiarrheal, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, antiarthritic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, have been reported to validate Dadima as an ingredient of various Ayurveda indications. Conclusion: Dadima as a single drug or as an ingredient in 530 formulations have been indicated for its use as an Aushadha in 80 different diseased conditions. Dadima, a drug of Phala Varga, is a very important fruit and has a wide range of clinical indications.