Clinical features and treatment outcomes of cardiomyopathy in Indian patients: An observational, retrospective study in tertiary care teaching institute

Abstract

Objective: Cardiomyopathy is defined as a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium, is a transient reversible, but potentially life-threatening condition. The natural history, management pattern, and outcome of cardiomyopathy are not clear in Indian scenario. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical features, prognostic predictors, and clinical outcomes of patients with cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 119 patients of cardiomyopathy admitted to tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to April 2019. Results: The mean age of analyzed patients was 55.08 ± 15.75 years. During admission, symptoms such as breathlessness (63.64%) and fever (40.17%) were reported more often than other symptoms. 38.66% of patients had dilated and stress cardiomyopathy while 15.97% had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Among the independent predictors of all cause death the respiratory failure, sepsis and renal dysfunction were identified. Reduced ejection fraction in 73%, moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation in 20%, and global hypokinesia in 68.57% patients were observed. Of total admissions, 86% of patients recovered while 14% patients resulted in death. Conclusion: Our study shows that respiratory failure, sepsis, anemia, and renal failure are major contributing factors in poor prognosis, although most of the patients recovered from cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is the one of the important causes for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.