THYROID DYSFUNCTION, RECOVERY, AND PROGNOSIS IN MELANOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.

Abstract

Objective: To describe thyroid dysfunction, factors associated with thyroid recovery, and survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors that developed thyroid immune related adverse events (irAEs). Methods: This is a retrospective study in a tertiary center from 2010-2017. We reviewed the charts of patients with melanoma that developed thyroid dysfunction after checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cases with thyroid irAEs were grouped by recovery of thyroid function at one year. We collected a timeline of thyroid function tests, medication exposure, and survival and compared variables between the groups. We studied survival in comparison to a matched group without thyroid dysfunction. Results: 186 melanoma patients received checkpoint inhibitors and 17 (9%) had thyroid irAEs. Median time to abnormal TSH was 38 days and followed a pattern of thyroiditis. Seven of 17 had thyroid recovery. In the no recovery group, free T4 was often above 2 ng/dL (5/10 in no recovery, 0/7 in recovery: p=0.040). In the recovery group, irAE grade was significantly lower with 7/7 grade 1 (p=0.004). Exposure to glucocorticoids was associated with recovery (3/10 in no recovery, 6/7 in recovery: p= 0.049). There was no difference in overall survival between the thyroid dysfunction group and controls, or between those that received glucocorticoids or not. Conclusions: Certain aspects of thyroid irAEs may correlate with thyroid recovery, including grade 1 thyroid irAEs, exposure to glucocorticoids, and peak free T4 levels less than 2 ng/dL. Thyroid irAEs did not appear to be associated with change in survival nor did exposure to glucocorticoids.