A Bioprocessed Black Rice Bran Glutathione-Enriched Yeast Extract Protects Rats and Mice against Alcohol-Induced Hangovers

Abstract

Human and animal alcohol-induced hangovers are caused by adverse effects \nof acetaldehyde formed in vivo by the \nenzymatic oxidation of ethyl alcohol to acetaldehyde. This study aims to \ndetermine the effect of the combination of a bioprocessed black rice bran \n(BRB-F) and glutathione-enriched yeast extract (GEYE) on hangovers as tested in \nrats and mice. Because analysis by HPLC showed that the content of the \nbiologically active rice bran compound γ-oryzanol \nas well as of the antioxidant reduced glutathione were unaffected during the \npreparation of tablets containing 100 mg/kg of the bran formulation, the tablets \nwere then administered orally to rats. The results showed decreased blood \nconcentrations of both alcohol and acetaldehyde compared to the control group. \nAdditional behavior experiments using the Rota-rod and wire tests in mice \nconfirmed that the food formulation relieved hangover behavior caused by \nalcohol. It seems that the combination of BRB-F and GEYE can effectively \ncontrol hangovers in rodents caused by alcohol intake. Mechanistic aspects of \nthe hangover and anti-hangover effects of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde are \nsimilar to browning-type reactions between the aldehyde group of glucose and \nproteins, the antibiotic effects of cinnamaldehyde against pathogenic bacteria, \nthe adverse effects of the heat-induced food toxin acrylamide, and the \nalkali-induced formation of the unnatural amino acid lysinoalanine.