Oral tissues regeneration using intraoral mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Background Oral pathologies or some treatments can cause facial and functional alterations, being fundament to retrieve those functions restoring the original anatomy of the lost tissues. On this purpose, various techniques have been studied, one of these was the tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent adult stem cells. The MSC in the oral cavity have been striking for regenerative therapies by its high plasticity, good interaction with scaffolds and growth factors, good proliferation and differentiation, they are also easy to obtain. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the current uses of the intraoral MSC for the regeneration of the tissues of the oral cavity. Material and Methods An electronic research was made in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and EBSCO between 2000 to 2018. Results 21 articles were included. 13 were studies in vivo and 8 were studies in humans. The site mostly used as a giver site was the dental pulp. Intraoral MSC are able to regenerate the pulp dentin complex, alveolar bone and periodontium. Conclusions Intraoral MSC come from easy access areas, less traumatic interventions and have high potential to regenerate intraoral tissues in comparison to MSC from other sites of the body which allows a more predictable oral tissues regeneration. Key words:Oral stem cells, oral cavity, regeneration, tissue engineering.