Productivity of topinambur on podzolic degradated soils

Abstract

Purpose of research. To determine rational fertilization systems for growing topinambur on low fertility soil to increase the productivity of plant community in order to strengthen the feedstock base for the production of bioethanol.\nMethods. Field, accounting, laboratory, and analytical.\nResults. It was established that the topinambur can be successfully grown on degraded eroded podzolic low fertility soil. A rational organo-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of 15–20 t/ha of manure and N40–65P40–53K40–70 as well as the introduction of the microbiological formulation Filazonit MC (10 L/ha) improves the productivity and green weight of Jerusalem artichoke significantly compared without fertilizer. The total yield of dry biomass increases by 7.3–7.5 t/ha or by 100–102%. However, in the process of using plantations for 3–4 years, the yield of dry biomass is significantly reduced. Therefore, re-fertilization is required. Fertilizer systems exert unequal influence on the formation of the nutrient regime of degraded soil. The organo-mineral fertilizer system is characterized by a certain ameliorative effect on the soil system and helps to reduce the acidity of the soil environment, reducing hydrolytic acidity by 0.23–0.42 mmol/100 g of soil, or by 14–26%. As the proportion of organic fertilizers in the fertilizer system increases, the hydrolytic acidity index decreases. Fertilizing causes an increase in the content of the available basic mineral nutrients in the soil.\nConclusions. Organo-mineral fertilizer system for artichoke has significant advantages over organic and mineral ones, because of the best agrochemical indices of soil, the highest yield of green mass and the tubers, which leads to the highest yield dry weight of the harvest. During fertilization, the green mass increases more intensively than the tuber crop. The use of fertilizers in smaller quantities increases the yield of aboveground biomass, and the increased rates of complete mineral fertilizers (ΣNPK = 390 kg/ha of active substance) provide an increase in the proportion of tubers in the total dry matter yield. An additional factor in increasing biological productivity of artichoke’s plant community is the introduction of biologically active agents, such as Filazonitu MC, which contributes insignificantly artichoke tubers improve yield and yield a significant increase in aboveground biomass through activation of microbiological processes in soil and plant growth processes.