Факторы риска структурно-функциональных изменений сердца у работников угольной промышленности

Abstract

Introduction. Working conditions at workplaces of coal industry enterprises are characterized by harmful factors exceeding the maximum permissible levels. These include coal-rock dust, noise, vibration, sudden temperature changes, etc. Conversely, unfavourable working conditions increase the risk of developing not only occupational but also work-related diseases. The objective of the study was to study the influence of industrial and common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases on structural and functional changes in the heart in coal industry workers. Material and methods. The study included 130 workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 78 workers in open coal pits, ranging from 40 to 55 years. The exclusion criteria from the study were the presence of any somatic pathology that could lead to structural and functional changes in the heart. In addition, all subjects underwent echocardiography to determine the structural and functional indices of the heart. Results. Lower values of ejection fraction and longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle were found among the workers in underground coal mining. At the same time, a decrease in the latter was revealed in 19.3% of the miners versus 7.6% of the workers in open coal pits (p=0.025). There was no association between reducing left ventricular longitudinal deformation and common risk factors in coal mine workers, in contrast, to open coal pit workers. The initial manifestations of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle in the group of workers of underground coal mining were revealed, which in the correlation analysis had a relationship with the indices of external respiration function. Conclusion. The decrease in the global longitudinal left ventricular myocardial deformation among miners is not associated with the studied common cardiovascular risk factors. Still, it is related to the influence of a complex of unfavourable production factors. Reduced indices of external respiration function affect the initial manifestations of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle in the workers of underground coal mining. Contribution: Korotenko O.Yu. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text; Filimonov E.S. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Panev N.I. — writing a text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases: the study was carried out by non-invasive methods and complies with the ethical standards of the bioethical committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, developed in accordance with the Declaration of the Russian Federation, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 of June 19, 2003.