Oral Health Professional Alert on Special Care Dentistry

Abstract

Special needs dentistry, also known as special care dentistry, is a specialty of dentistry concerned with the oral health ofpeople who have intellectual disability, or who are affected by other medical, physical, or psychiatric issues. Their additionalneeds may be due directly to their impairment or disability, or to some aspect of their medical history that affects theiroral health, or because their social, environmental or cultural context disables them with reference to their oral health.1According to data from the Indonesian Medical Council, there was an increasing number of Indonesians experiencing chronicdiseases including cancer, stroke, heart disease, renal disease, and diabetes mellitus from 2013 to 2018.2Unfortunately, therewas no data describing other special needs condition aside from medically challenged. This absence of data might makedentists and authorities complacent about this need. Even in the developed country, we found that people with disabilitieswere rarely identified as a priority population group in the public health policy and practice.3Along with increasing awareness of parents and careers, supporting facilities and education such as physiotherapy, speechtherapy, management behavior are much in demand. Though, dental treatment is still not popular. They are prioritizinggeneral health instead of dental and oral health to support short term impact.4Meanwhile, special need persons are proneto poor oral health. People with developmental disabilities have higher rates of cavities, gum disease and tooth loss and thecause is often heartbreakingly simple.5Many of these persons are physically unable to brush their teeth, and many won’t allowsomeone else do it for them.6Others are hampered by medical conditions, or by the side effects of medications they take,which is why regular dental checkups and cleanings are so important.General dentists are reluctant of taking care of special need patientsWe recognized that there are only a few oral health professions that work to improve the oral health of people withspecial needs.7Not only is their access to care almost non-existent in comparison to the general population, but also thefacilities are inadequate and staff lack awareness of oral health matters that may impact those with special needs.8Moreover,parents and careers are confronted with different problems such as, dentists who lack skills and competency in managingpeople with disabilities. Dentists reported having difficulty treating such patients. The complexity in treating patients withspecial needs, the variety of medical conditions or disabilities that require more time or altered delivery methods than theroutine delivery of dental care for the general population,9and sometimes patients required special methods and techniquesto treat their oral health conditions has led to low preparedness and willingness of oral health professionals to treat patientswith special needs.10 It requires a holistic approach that is dentist led in order to meet the complex requirements of peoplewith impairments. It may impact access and thus their oral health, while other complications include inconvenient locationsof dental clinics, transport issues, and cost of dental treatment.11All patients with special needs should have equal access andhigh-quality treatment that focuses on patient safety, patient-centered care, and treatment of all dental needs. Thus, oral healthprofessional needs to have training or special education to handle patients with special needs in an effort to increase oral anddental health of this population.Dental student training improvement is neededIt is written in standard competency of Indonesian dental doctor released by Indonesian Medical Council thatundergraduate dental student must be able to ascertain congenital and hereditary abnormalities in oral cavity, and maintainingoral soft tissue health in patients with compromised medical condition. In fact, there are limitation of opportunity forthem to meet those special patients. Dentists who treat patients with special needs are dental pediatrics; there are no dentalspecialists who specifically manage patients who are adults with special needs.12 Furthermore, for the undergraduate basis,dental school are not well equipped with staff and tools to support that competency. Of the 11 dental schools that have beenaccredited ”A” in Indonesia, there are only 4 dental schools who have structured dental courses on taking care of oral and dentalhealth for person with special needs. This program is restricted to postgraduate student only. There is no syllabus or programfor undergraduate dental students. Lack of training and experience of undergraduate dental students in dealing with patientswith special needs was one of the most reported issues that inhibits the treatment of these patients. Therefore, the access ofdental student to gain knowledge and experience in this major should be improved.Indeed, it is well known that good oral health is conducive to overall well-being. Due to increasing demand of treatingspecial care persons with their complexities, oral health professionals need to improve their skill and knowledge. \n\xa0 \nTania Saskianti, DDS, PhD, Ped DentChairperson, Joint Scientific Meeting in Special Care DentistryLecturer, Department of Pediatric DentistryFaculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga \n\xa0 \nREFERENCES1. Friel S, Jamieson L. Political economy, trade relations and health inequalities: lessons from general health. Community Dent Health. 2019; 36(2),152–156 (2019).2. National Institute of Health Research and Development of Ministry of Health Indonesia. Main Result of Basic Health Research 2018. 2018.3. Victorian Health Promoting Foundation. Disability and health inequalities in Australia. VicHealth. 2012; 1–11.4. Anders PL, Davis EL. Oral health of patients with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Spec Care Dentist. 2010; 30(3):110–7.5. 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