Symptomatologic pathomechanism of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Abstract

N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis that frequently affects young females [1-4]. Ovarian teratoma, herpes simplex encephalitis, or other autoimmune diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are known to trigger the production of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and promote autoantibody binding to the NR1 subunit of NMDAR, resulting in the hypofunction of NMDA signals in neuronal synapses [5-8].