Does a virtual functional training induce cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults after a single session and over weeks

Abstract

Purpose. Active video games (AVG) provide an attractive alternative to sedentary behaviours and may bring some health benefits. However, single-session and chronic cardiovascular effects of AVG remain unclear. the aim of this study was to verify the impact of single-session and 4-week virtual functional training on cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults. Methods. In a pre-experimental study, 8 university students performed a 30-minute AVG session (Nike Kinect training® game) at the intensity of 64% (based on heart rate [HR]) and twice a week for 4 weeks (8 sessions). HR and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after each session. A generalized estimating equation model and t-test were used to examine changes in cardiovascular responses over time (p < 0.05). Effect size was calculated by Cohen’s d. Results. A single session did not promote post-exercise hypotension (PEH). However, SBP (6.6–9.0 mm Hg) and DBP (4.5–5.5 mm Hg) decreased in 3/8 and 2/8 sessions, respectively. In pre/post-intervention comparisons at rest, small to large reduction effects were found for SBP (–3.0 mm Hg, d = 0.3), DBP (–4.7 mm Hg, d = 0.6), HR (–9 bpm, d = 0.8), and double product (–1389.3 mm Hg × bpm, d = 1.6). Conclusions. Virtual functional training reduced cardiac workload (chronic effect) and promoted PEH in some sessions among normotensive adults. these findings have practical applications for improving physical activity with attractive exercise forms, which should be recommended for healthy people.