Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Common Bacterial Species Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Attending Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre, Kampala Uganda.

Abstract

Background:\nUrinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of microbial pathogens within the urinary tract. It is primarily caused by\xa0Escherichia coli (E.coli), accounting for 75% of all bacterial UTI cases. Bacteria such Klebsiella pneumonia,\xa0Proteus mirabilis,\xa0Staphylococcus aureus,\xa0Pseudomonas aeruginosa,\xa0and\xa0Enterococcus faecalis\xa0have also been reported as causative agents. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Uropathogenic bacteria in urine samples of patients with suspected UTI in Kam Medical and the diagnostic Centre.\n\xa0Methodology:\nThis was a cross-sectional study where 120 urinary samples from Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre in 2019. The urine specimens were cultured on CLED (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte – Deficient) and blood agar media. Kirby-Bauer’s standard disk diffusion method was applied to test the susceptibility of the drug for Mueller-Hinton culture agar plates.\nResults:\nAll 120 patients suspected of UTI had bacterial pathogen causing UTI. Among the urinary pathogens,\xa0Escherichia coli\xa0was the most common in 85/120 (70.8%) of the patients followed by\xa0S.aureus\xa013/120 (10.8 %),\xa0Klebsiella spp\xa04/120 (9.2%),\xa0Enterococcus spp\xa0with 4/120 3.3 %),\xa0Pseudomonas aeruginosa\xa0with 4/120 (3.3%) and\xa0Proteus\xa0with 3/120 (2.5%). According to the results of the antibiogram, the highest resistance was observed for Nalidixic acid (64.2%), Ampicillin (61.7%), and Cotrimoxazole (54.2 %). The highest susceptibility (antibiotic sensitivity) was observed with imipenem (97.5%), Nitrofurantoin (49.2 %), Ciprofloxacin (45.8%), and Clotrimazole (44.2 %)\nConclusion and recommendations:\xa0\nThe bacterial pathogens associated with UTIs in this study were\xa0E.coli species, Staphylococcus aureus,\xa0Klebsiella, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas species,\xa0and\xa0Proteus species.\xa0E.coli\xa0was the most common isolate followed\xa0by S.aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp,\xa0and\xa0Enterococcus spp,\xa0and lastly\xa0Proteus spp. The highest levels of bacterial resistance were recorded against first-generation antibiotic drugs. Bacterial isolates in this study were highly susceptible to broad-spectrum, second/ third generation antibiotics drugs.