Hurricane ocean wind speeds

Abstract

How strong does the wind blows in a hurricane proves a question that is difficult to answer, but has far-reaching consequences for satellite meteorology, weather forecasting and hurricane advisories. Moreover, huge year-to-year variability in extremes challenges evidence for changing hurricane climatology in a changing climate. Tropical circulation conditions, such as El Nino and the Madden Julian Oscillation, are associated with the large year-to-year variability and their link to climate change is poorly understood, though of great societal interest. Since hurricanes are sparsely sampled, satellite instruments are in principle very useful to monitor climate change. However, their stability over time in quality and quantity (sampling) needs to be guaranteed. Moreover, to use the longest possible satellite record, satellite instrument intercalibration of the extremes is needed [6]. This applies for a single instrument using a single processor version (calibration, Quality Control, Geophysical Model Function, retrieval) for change detection over a decade typically and the use of overlapping single-instrument/single-processor series for climate analyses. Currently, systematic inconsistencies in the extremes exist, as illustrated within the European Union (EU) Copernicus Climate Change Windstorm Information Service (C3S WISC*) and European organisation for the exploitatrion of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) C-band High and Extreme-Force Speeds (CHEFS^) projects. Besides for the scatterometers ERS, QuikScat, ASCAT and OSCAT, these instrument series may be extended to passive microwave wind instruments from 1979, if proven reliable at the extremes?