VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: ATUAÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the performance of the Nursing professionals of the Family Health Strategy on the identification and notification of cases of violence against children and adolescents. Method: this a quantitative, descriptive, transversal study carried out in Basic Health Units. The sample was composed of 215 nursing professionals. For data collection, a standardized multithematic questionnaire was used, pre-coded and self-applied. The analyses were conducted in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. The data were submitted to descriptive J Nurs UFPE on line. 2021;15:e246168 DOI: 10.5205/1981-8963.2021.246168 https://periodicos.ufpe.br/ revistas/revistaenfermagem analysis by means of absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: It was observed that among the nursing professionals who participated in the study, 59.5% had never identified cases of violence against children or adolescents and only 11.6% had reported any situation of violence involving children and adolescents during the period of professional activity. Among the notifications, the predominance of physical violence situations (35.0%) by nurses and neglect/ abandonment (60.0%) by Nursing Technicians was recorded. Conclusion: it is noted that many professionals have stated that they detect aspects of violence in the young population; however, the notification act is not a reality in Manaus, as in other capitals, which deserves attention and intervention regarding professional qualification. Descriptors: Disease Notification; Violence; Child Abuse; Nursing Team; Child; Adolescent. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el desempeño de los profesionales de Enfermería en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en la identificación y notificación de casos de violencia contra niños y adolescentes. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en las Unidades Básicas de Salud. La muestra fue compuesta de 215 profesionales de Enfermería. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario multitemático estandarizado, precodificado y autoadministrado. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Los datos se sometieron a análisis descriptivo utilizando frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales. Resultados: se observó que, entre los profesionales de Enfermería que participaron en el estudio, el 59,5% nunca había identificado casos de violencia contra niños o adolescentes y solo el 11,6% reportó alguna situación de violencia con niños y adolescentes durante el período rendimiento profesional. Entre las notificaciones, predominaron las situaciones de violencia física (35,0%) por parte de enfermeros y negligencia / abandono (60,0%) por parte de técnicos de Enfermería. Conclusión: se observa que muchos profesionales afirmaron detectar aspectos de violencia en la población joven, sin embargo, la ley de notificación no es una realidad en Manaus, así como en otras capitales, lo que merece atención e intervención en cuanto a la calificación profesional. Descriptores: Notificación de Enfermedades; Violencia; Maltrato a los Niños; Grupo de Enfermería; Niño; Adolescente. 1234State University of Amazonas/UEA. Manaus (AM), Brazil. 1 https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0546-3130 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-533X 3 https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-7266-519X 4 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-4634 http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/ *Article extracted from the academic thesis The process of notification of violence against children and adolescents by professionals of the Family Health Strategy in Manaus-AM . Rio de Janeiro State University/UERJ, 2019. Violence is defined as any act that may cause damage or harm, of a sexual, psychological, physical or negligent nature. It is understood that children and adolescents are the main individuals vulnerable to violence, and therefore constitute a major social risk factor.1 It is known that such violence can occur in any age group, however, in relation to children and adolescents, their growth is impaired, since it is a stage of cognitive construction and the damage caused can generate problems for life, resulting in victims of depression, suicide, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, illegal drug use and even death.2-3 It is specified that Brazil ranks fifth in the countries with the most murders of children and adolescents, revealing the daily growth of violence committed against children under 18. It is estimated that 227 children and young people die every day in violent conditions and that an even greater number are hospitalized as a result of the injuries.4 More than 126,000 cases of violence against children and adolescents were reported in Brazil in 2017, of which 1,561 occurred in Manaus (AM).5 It is warned that violence should be reported, as this act contributes to the realization of strategies aimed at ending the suffering of victims and promoting healthy growth and maturation for children and adolescents.6 It should be emphasized that health professionals have the most contact with this population and, consequently, should be the front line people in the fight against violence. It is observed that these professionals, even recognizing the importance of notification, tend to pass on cases of violence to Social Assistance professionals. It is noted, in relation to nursing professionals, that they act in the three levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) of containment of violence against children and adolescents, however, the incapacity in their identification and notification has already been reported in several studies and their training has been cited as a measure of preparation in professional action to combat violence.7-8 This study is thus justified, since this social issue constitutes a public health problem in Brazil, since it generates serious individual and collective biopsychosocial problems due to the manifestation of violence in the context of the construction of the body and mind, as well as in INTRODUCTION http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/ How to cite this article Marques DO, Monteiro KS, Santos CS, Oliveira NF. Violence against children and adolescents: Nursing performance. J Nurs UFPE on line. 2021;15:e246168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2021.246168 adult life.9 It is therefore necessary to know more about the actions of health professionals in this context, especially Nursing, as they are the main actors responsible for the line of care of children and adolescents in situations of violence. To analyze the performance of the Nursing professionals of the Family Health Strategy on the identification and notification of cases of violence against children and adolescents. This is a quantitative, descriptive, transversal study carried out in the Basic Health Units (BHU) with Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Manaus (AM), which currently cover 39.3% of the municipality. The study is part of the research entitled The process of notification of violence against children and adolescents by professionals of the Family Health Strategy in Manaus (AM) . The quantity of professionals in the study was obtained from data provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat, and it was calculated that, at the time of the research, there were 183 nurses and 311 technicians in Nursing. Thirty Nursing professionals who did not meet the criteria for inclusion of at least one year of work in FHS, who were on leave or who had already participated in the pilot study were excluded. Thus, 95 (60.5%) nurses and 120 (39%) Nursing technicians answered the questionnaire. The data was collected between October 2017 and April 2018 using a multi-thematic, standardized, pre-coded, previously tested and self-applied questionnaire. It is emphasized, before the entry into the field, that the researchers received training regarding the approach of the professionals and the filling out of the instrument. The variables used are self-explanatory and refer to the socio-demographic characteristics, training, identification and notification of cases, according to the professional category, presented in tables. The analyses were conducted in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis by means of absolute frequencies and percentages. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the Municipal Health Secretariat (Announcement No. 25/2017, of July 7, 2017) and the University of the State of Amazonas (CAAE n° 71311317.0.0000.5016Opinion No. 2.309.667, of October 2, 2017). The data was collected by signing the Free and Informed Consent Term (FICT). OBJECTIVE