The Neurasthenic Nipper-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Abstract

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of paediatric, idiopathic, inflammatory arthritis exceeding >six weeks duration and commonly arising in children beneath <16 years. International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) has categorized juvenile idiopathic arthritis into distinctive subclasses as pauciarticular variant or oligoarthritis, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) positive polyarthritis, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) negative polyarthritis, systemic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis and undifferentiated arthritis. The condition is posited to arise from environmental factors, viral or bacterial infection or demonstrates a genetic predisposition. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis depicts decimated joint function with reduced Range of Motion (ROM), joint pain, morning stiffness, limping due to pain in the lower extremities, joint deformity and joint swelling commonly discerned within the knee, hand or foot, anomalous limb growth with leg length discrepancies,, uveitis, reoccurring pyrexia, cutaneous rash, myalgia, weight loss and disorders of skeletal growth. An intense, synovial infiltration of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and dendritic cells is observed along with villous hyperplasia and hypertrophy, endothelial activation and hyperplasia and hyperplasia of synoviocytes.