Urinary bladder paraganglioma metastatic to the lung in a patient with SDHB gene mutation: A case report

Abstract

Introduction: Paragangliomas represent tumors originating from the neural crest. Most of them are benign and arise from various locations in the body. Extra-adrenal paragangliomas develop as sporadic cases in most settings or as part of hereditary familial syndromes in about one-quarter of all cases, whereby succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene mutations are associated with an aggressive clinical disease course of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Methods: We present a 41-year-old male former smoker with a history of a growing right upper lung nodule on chest imaging. He had no cough or respiratory symptoms. Twenty-seven months prior, the patient underwent a cystoprostatectomy due to paraganglioma of the bladder. Genetic testing identified a pathogenic mutation in SDHB gene, c.166_170delCCTCA (p.Pro56Tyrfs*5). He underwent a wedge resection of the lung nodule. Results: Sectioning of the lung wedge revealed a well-circumscribed, firm tan nodule. Microscopically there were nests of large neoplastic cells with round nuclei and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin and negative for pan-cytokeratin. S-100 protein highlighted sustentacular cells. Morphologically, the pulmonary neoplasm was similar to the primary tumor of the bladder. These features are consistent with a bladder paraganglioma metastatic to the lung, in a background of a hereditary paraganglioma syndrome. Conclusion: Extra-adrenal paraganglioma occurring in a setting of hereditary paraganglioma syndrome has a high risk of metastasis. Lifelong surveillance even after prompt resection of the primary tumor with negative margins is required to ensure early detection of metastasis and prevent complications associated with it.