Organické uloženiny fluviální výplně údolního dna řeky Bečvy u Oseku nad Bečvou a jejich vztah k vývoji sedimentace

Abstract

Organic matter, like pollen, plant detritus or subfossil woods can be found in sequences of fluvial sediments. Detail study of these remains help to assess age of accumulation processes, especially during the Holocene erosion/accumulation cycle. Two localities with exposed infill of the Becva River valley were found near Osek nad Becvou. The first outcrop is a gravel pit 1 km south of Osek nad Becvou village. The second one is a river-cliff on the left bank of the Becva River, 1 km westward of Oldřichov village, formed mostly during the extreme flood in 1997. Fluvial sediments, 4–5 m thick, of the the so called “lower flood-plain level” were exposed on both localities. At the base of the Oldřichov river-cliff was encountered a horizon of boggy soil with subfossil trunk at the base. In the gravel pit near Osek nad Becvou was exposed layer of clay/silt with plant detritus. Up to 2 m thick middle/coarse grained gravel, situated beneath underground water level, underlie the organic-rich sediments in both localities. Badenian clay represents the bedrock of the river valley. Organic-rich layers are overlaid by middle/coarse grained gravel sediments passing gradually to sandy silt of the flood plain. Pollen analyses were made from the organic-rich layers and dendrological analysis, dendrochronology and radiometric dating from subfossil trunk. Organic-rich layer from Osek (sample LS001) was assigned to the early Holocene based on pollen analysis and represents the oldest age found. The Oldřichov samples come from oxbow sediment. The sample LV030V was poor in pollen grains and inconclusive. The sample LV030Z indicates Holocene climate optimum (Atlantic). This supposed age is compatible with radiometric dating of the subfossil trunk from the base of the layer. Radiocarbon dating using wiggle matching method gave age of 7 070–6 775 BC. Based on these data, repeated erosion/accumulation events during Late Pleistocene and Holocene are evident in Becva River valley fill. Late Pleistocene accumulation was replaced with erosion during Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Erosion on the break of the Pleistocene and Holocene partly removed upper Pleistocene gravels so in places left reached level 2 m above the bedrock. The first third of Holocene (time of all interpreted data) seems to be very stable from erosion/accumulation evolution point of view. More dynamic evolution started with accumulation of “higher flood-plain level” (from cca 214 m a. s. l. up to 221 m a. s. l.). Subsequent erosion formed relatively deep cut in the northwest part of the flood plain which was filled relatively quickly by sediments as consequence of deforestation connected with a colonization of upper parts of Becva River drainage area. This is supported by finds of much younger subfossil trunks dated from 1 century BC up to top of Middle-Age period in this accumulation (Vit et al. 2009). The surface of this accumulation is the so called “lower flood plain level” where periodicity of the inundation during floods is more regular then on the upper one.