Taxonomic status of Macaronesian Eucyclops agiloides azorensis (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Copepoda) revisited – morphology suggests a Palearctic origin

Abstract

Macaronesia, with the exception of the Azores, is one of the few Palearctic provinces where basic taxonomic information on the freshwater copepods is still lacking. We redescribed Eucyclops azorensis, a cyclopid crustacean so far known only in the Azores, and report the occurrence of this species in Algeria and Madeira Island. Eucyclops azorensis was formerly considered to be a subspecies of E.\xa0agiloides (East Africa); therefore, the latter species is redescribed here as well based on type and non-type material. Morphological comparisons between E.\xa0azorensis, E.\xa0agiloides and other taxa (E.\xa0serrulatus and E.\xa0roseus), assumed to be closely related to our target species, support a closer relationship between E.\xa0azorensis and E.\xa0serrulatus (Palearctic) than between E.\xa0azorensis and E.\xa0agiloides (Afrotropical). The slight differences between E.\xa0azorensis and E.\xa0serrulatus in the surface ornamentation of the antennal coxobasis and intercoxal sclerites of legs 1 and 4 suggest a relatively young separation of these lineages. Eucyclops agiloides is morphologically close to E.\xa0roseus (temperate and subtropical Asia, southeastern Europe, East Africa). The numerous and clear-cut differences indicate a species rather than subspecies-level differentiation between E.\xa0agiloides and E.\xa0roseus, unlike what was formerly proposed in the taxonomic literature.