A Comparative Study on the Biological Activities of Medicinal Plants Leaf Extracts Belongs to the Family Fabaceae

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of three different plant leaf extracts such as Pithecellobium dulce, Sesbania grandiflora and Lablab purpureus belongs to the family fabaceae. Qualitative phytochemical screening of different plants leaf powder confirmed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and anthraquinone glycosides. Methanolic leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora plant possess highest total phenolic content of about 14.21 ± 0.011mg of GAE/g of extract whereas, Petroleum ether leaf extract of Lablab purpureus plant exhibits highest total phenolic content of about 11.45 ± 0.002 mg of GAE/g of extract. In DPPH assay, methanol leaf crude extract demonstrated 86±1.77% antioxidant activity in Sesbania grandiflora at 150µg/ml concentration. Whereas petroleum ether leaf crude extract demonstrated 82±1.66% antioxidant activity in Lablab purpureus at 150µg/ml concentration and in reducing power assay, both the methanol and petroleum ether leaf crude extract demonstrated 85±1.73% and 88±1.92% antioxidant activity in Sesbania grandiflora at the same concentration 150µg/ml. In egg albumin denaturation assay, both the methanol and petroleum ether leaf crude extract exhibited 78±1.38% and 81±1.79% anti-inflammatory activity in Lablab purpureus at the same 300µg/ml concentration. When compared to all plants extracts in antibacterial activity methanol leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora demonstrated clear zone of inhibition against test microorganisms against five studied pathogens. When compared to all plants extracts in antifungal activity methanol leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora demonstrated clear zone of inhibition against test pathogen Aspergillus niger. Results of this study conclude that the three different medicinal plant leaf extracts contains significant potential for pharmaceutical applications.