Güney Paphlagonia’da Roma ve Erken Bizans Dönemine Ait Bazı Arkeolojik Bulgular: Üçbölük Köyü

Abstract

Some Archaeological Findings from Roman and Early Byzantine Period in Southern Paphlagonia: Ucboluk Village Abstract Karabuk is located in the Northwestern Black Sea and surrounded by Zonguldak to the west, the Black Sea to the north, Kastamonu to the east, Cankiri to the south. Ucboluk (Ilbarit) Village that located 20 km southeast of Safranbolu district of Karabuk, is a historic settlement founded on the slopes of Soganli Valley.\xa0Within the scope of the scientific project “Surveys in Roman and Byzantine Periods of Karabuk Province and its Districts”, which started for the first time in 2017, research has been carried out in Safranbolu and surrounding settlements. Through this study, finding the rock-cut tomb, altar and wine presses, columns, double columns, column headings, inscriptions dated to Roman and Early Byzantine Periods and many archaeological data around Ucboluk (Ilbarit) Village in Soganli Valley were examined and recorded. Archeological artifacts found in Ucboluk Village, which included in the borders of the region called Paphlagonia in history, shed light on the historical, architectural and socio-economic structure of the area from the Roman and Early Byzantine Periods. Ucboluk village and surrounding areas, which attracted the attention of many researchers and travellers since the 19th century such as Leonhard (1915), Gokoglu (1952), Belke (1996), Doku (2008), Lafli and Christof (2009, 2012), were examined in detail by us with together archaeological and art history experts for the first time in 2017. When evaluation on historical data of Ucboluk Village, having abundant water resources, which located on the southern slope of the Soganli Valley is considered to be an intensive agricultural activity based on wine production in the region. The finding vine branches and agricultural tools on the rock-cut tombs and grave stalks and especially rock-cut wine presses in Ucboluk (Ilbarit) and around it, are indicative of this. Within the scope of this paper, the rock-cut tombs previously found and the rock-cut wine presses, rock-cut altar, cross sacred rock structure and architectural plastic artifacts that were first detected by us in Ucboluk village, which is one of the rural settlements in southern Paphlagonia, are evaluated in general perspective. Also, under the light of those finding artifacts, the architecture, the religious and social economic structure of the rural settlements in the region during the Roman and Early Byzantine periods were tried to be identified. Oz Kuzeybati Karadeniz’de yer alan Karabuk; batidan Zonguldak, kuzeyden Karadeniz, dogudan Kastamonu, guneyden ise Cankiri ile cevrilidir. Karabuk’un ilcesi Safranbolu’nun yaklasik 20 km guneydogusunda bulunan Ucboluk (Ilbarit) Koyu, Soganli Vadisi’nin yamaclarinda kurulmus tarihi bir yerlesim alanidir.\xa0 Ilk olarak 2017 yilinda basladigimiz “Karabuk Ili ve Ilceleri Roma ve Bizans Donemi Yuzey Arastirmasi” adli bilimsel proje kapsaminda Safranbolu ve cevresindeki yerlesim alanlarinda arastirmalar gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmalarimiz kapsaminda Soganli Vadisi’nde bulunan\xa0Ucboluk (Ilbarit) Koyu cevresindeki Roma ve Erken Bizans Donemi ne tarihlendirilen kaya mezari, kaya altari, sarap isligi, sutun, cifte sutun, sutun basligi, stel, yazit ve pek cok arkeolojik veri incelenerek kayit altina alinmistir. Tarihte Paphlagonia olarak adlandirilan bolgenin sinirlari icine dahil olan Ucboluk Koyu’nde tespit edilen arkeolojik eserler Roma ve Erken Bizans Donemi tarihcesi basta olmak uzere bolgenin mimari ve sosyo-ekonomik yapisina isik tutmaktadir. 19. yuzyildan itibaren Leonhard (1915), Gokoglu (1952), Belke (1996), Doku (2008), Lafli ve Christof (2009, 2012) gibi bircok arastirmaci ve seyyahin dikkatini ceken Ucboluk Koyu ile cevresindeki yerlesim alanlari ilk defa 2017 yilinda tarafimizca, arkeoloji ve sanat tarihi uzmanlari esliginde detayli bir sekilde incelenmistir. Zengin su kaynaklarina sahip Soganli Vadisi’nin guney yamaci uzerinde yer alan Ucboluk Koyu, tarihi verileri kapsaminda degerlendirildiginde yorede sarap uretimine dayali yogun bir tarimsal faaliyet oldugu belirlenmistir. Islikler basta olmak uzere Ucboluk Koyu ve cevresinde tespit edilen steller ve kaya mezarlari uzerinde yer alan asma dallari ile tarim aletleri bunun gostergesidir.\xa0 Bu bildiri kapsaminda Guney Paphlagonia’da kirsal yerlesim alanlarindan biri olan Ucboluk’te daha oncesinde tespit edilmis olan kaya mezarlari ve ilk defa tarafimizdan tespit edilen sarap isligi, kaya altari vb. mimari plastik eserler hakkinda elde edilen bulgular genel bir bakis acisi ile degerlendirilmis ve Roma ve Erken Bizans Donemi’nde bolgedeki kirsal yerlesim alanlarinin mimarisi, dini ve sosyo-ekonomik yapisi anlasilmaya calisilmistir.