Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Western Greece

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer and the factors affecting the survival rates. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed, including 77 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosed and treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of the University Hospital of Patras during 1990-2017. The prognostic impact of age, gender, occupation, smoking/alcohol, and TNM staging were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the last 28 years, nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) was higher in men (80.5% of patients) than women (19.5%) (mean age 56-years). Most patients were smokers (64.9%, mean 70 pack-years) and 35 (45.5%) of them were alcohol users. Postoperative staging indicated 39% stage-III, 26% stage-IV, and 26% stage-I. Histologically, 70.1% of the volumes were WHO-III, 20.8% WHO-II, and 5.2% WHO-I. Also, 98.7% of patients received radiotherapy, 85.7% chemotherapy, and 20.8% surgery. More than half were farmers (26%), self-employed (16.9%), and workers (14.3). During the follow-up (mean 66 months), 38 (49.5%) patients died, 88.9% from disease-related causes. The 5-year survival was 58.8%, 74.5% for non-smokers, and 49.1% for smokers, and 10-year survival was 43.6%, 63.4%, and 31.6%, respectively (p=0.016). Moreover, significant statistical differences were observed in age (p=0.054), time period of diagnosis and treatment (p=0.002), cause of death (p=0.033), and metastatic disease (p=0.023). Conclusions Age, stage in disease detection, tumor characteristics, treatment, and tobacco abuse are important factors that affect the OS of patients with NPC during the three last decades.