Tranexamic Acid Reduces Total Blood Loss and the Amount of Stored Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation Needed for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion

Abstract

Introduction There are few published studies on posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that have reported that the stored amounts of autologous blood donation (ABD) needed for the procedure were estimated by taking into account total blood loss (TBL). The aim of this study was to clarify the following clinical questions: (1) Does the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduce the TBL during PSF for AIS? (2) What volume of ABD should be stored to avoid allogeneic blood transfusions? Methods This study investigated 44 female patients who underwent PSF for AIS. A total of 33 patients underwent PSF without TXA (non-TXA group) and 11 patients underwent PSF with TXA (TXA group). TBL was determined by the hemoglobin (Hb) balance method calculated with circulating blood volume, Hb levels, hematocrit (Ht) levels before and three days after surgery, and the volumes of blood transfusions, including stored ABD. For the TXA patients, TBL was used to determine the appropriate amount of stored ABD and the number of ABD collections. Results The amount of TBL was lower in the TXA group compared to the non-TXA group. The mean required volume of stored ABD in the TXA group was 218.2 ± 577.3 mL, with a required maximum volume of 699.0 mL. The proportions of patients requiring allogeneic blood transfusion were as follows: 72.7% for those with no ABD collection, 45.5% for one ABD collection, and 0% for two ABD collections when TXA was used during surgery. Conclusions TXA reduced the TBL of patients undergoing PSF for AIS. The maximum amount of stored ABD needed was 699.0 mL. Allogeneic blood transfusion can be avoided by storing two ABD collections when TXA is used during the surgery.