Cellular Automata And Lattice Gases

The relation between Latttice Boltzmann Method, which has recently become popular, and the Kinetic Schemes, which are routinely used in Computational Fluid Dynamics, is explored. A new discrete velocity model for the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow is presented by combining both the approaches. The new scheme can be interpreted as a pseudo-compressibility method and, for a particular choice of parameters, this interpretation carries over to the Lattice Boltzmann Method.

A non-slip boundary condition at a wall for the lattice Boltzmann method is presented. In the present method unknown distribution functions at the wall are assumed to be an equilibrium distribution function with a counter slip velocity which is determined so that fluid velocity at the wall is equal to the wall velocity. Poiseuille flow and Couette flow are calculated with the nine-velocity model to demonstrate the accuracy of the present boundary condition.

Submitted by the authors for the June 27-29 Princeton Conference. Questions should be directed to: [email protected] http URL

This article contains 39 pages of abstracts of invited and poster presentations for the FIELDS INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP PROGRAM ON PATTERN FORMATION and LATTICE-GAS AUTOMATA, JUNE 07-12, 1993

Two discretizations of a 9-velocity Boltzmann equation with a BGK collision operator are studied. A Chapman-Enskog expansion of the PDE system predicts that the macroscopic behavior corresponds to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with additional terms of order Mach number squared. We introduce a fourth-order scheme and compare results with those of the commonly used lattice Boltzmann discretization and with finite-difference schemes applied to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive-variable form. We numerically demonstrate convergence of the BGK schemes to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and quantify the errors associated with compressibility and discretization effects. When compressibility error is smaller than discretization error, convergence in both grid spacing and time step is shown to be second-order for the LB method and is confirmed to be fourth-order for the fourth-order BGK solver. However, when the compressibility error is simultaneously reduced as the grid is refined, the LB method behaves as a first-order scheme in time.

The formation of current sheets in ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamic flows in two dimensions is studied numerically using the technique of adaptive mesh refinement. The growth of current density is in agreement with simple scaling assumptions. As expected, adaptive mesh refinement shows to be very efficient for studying singular structures compared to non-adaptive treatments.

Non-Gibbsian stationary states occur in dissipative non-equilibrium systems. They are closely connected with the lack of detailed balance and the absence of a fluctuation-dissipation theorem. These states exhibit spatial correlations that are long ranged under generic conditions, even in systems with short range interactions, provided the system has slow modes and some degree of spatial anisotropy. In this paper we present a theory for static pair correlations in lattice gas automata violating detailed balance, and we show that the spatially uniform non-Gibbsian equilibrium state exhibits long range correlations, even in the absence of an external driving field.

A new discrete-velocity model is presented to solve the three-dimensional Euler equations. The velocities in the model are of an adaptive nature---both the origin of the discrete-velocity space and the magnitudes of the discrete-velocities are dependent on the local flow--- and are used in a finite volume context. The numerical implementation of the model follows the near-equilibrium flow method of Nadiga and Pullin [1] and results in a scheme which is second order in space (in the smooth regions and between first and second order at discontinuities) and second order in time. (The three-dimensional code is included.) For one choice of the scaling between the magnitude of the discrete-velocities and the local internal energy of the flow, the method reduces to a flux-splitting scheme based on characteristics. As a preliminary exercise, the result of the Sod shock-tube simulation is compared to the exact solution.

In this paper, we study the two dimensional lattice Boltzmann BGK model (LBGK) by analytically solving a simple flow in a 2~-D channel. The flow is driven by the movement of upper boundary with vertical injection fluid at the porous boundaries. The velocity profile is shown to satisfy a second-order finite-difference form of the simplified incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. With the analysis, different boundary conditions can be studied theoretically. A momentum exchange principle is also revealed at the boundaries. A general boundary condition for any given velocity boundary is proposed based on the analysis.

Analytical solutions of the two dimensional triangular and square lattice Boltzmann BGK models have been obtained for the plain Poiseuille flow and the plain Couette flow. The analytical solutions are written in terms of the characteristic velocity of the flow, the single relaxation time τ and the lattice spacing. The analytic solutions are the exact representation of these two flows without any approximation.