Climate Change and Social Sciences: a bibliometric analysis
Flavio C. D. Moraes, Ana Lia Leonel, Pedro H. C. Torres, Pedro R. Jacobi, Sandra Momm
PPT | EN
Flávio Campopiano Dias de Moraes is aphysicist and Ph.D. in Physics, currentlyconducting Postdoctoral Research in IntegratedPhotonic Devices at the Gleb Wataghin PhysicsInstitute, of the State University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Brazil, where he studies artificialintelligence and neural [email protected]
Ana Lia Leonel has a bachelor's degree inSocial Sciences and a Master's in TerritoryPlanning and Management. She is a researcherin the Graduate Program in Territory Planningand Management at the Federal University ofABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, developingresearch in the areas of environmental planning,territorial planning, metropolitan governance,public policies and environmental sociologyregarding climate change. [email protected]
Pedro Henrique Campello Torres is a socialscientist and Ph.D. in Social Sciences andconducts Postdoctoral research in EnvironmentalScience at the Institute of Energy andEnvironment at the University of São Paulo,Brazil. His research topics are urban planningand the environment, environmental sociology,urban sociology, climate change, andenvironmental justice. [email protected]
Pedro Roberto Jacobi is a social scientist andPh.D. in Sociology. He is a Senior Professor ofthe Graduate Program in Environmental Scienceat the Institute of Energy and Environment of theUniversity of Sao Paulo, Brazil. He conductsresearch on environmental governance,education for sustainability, and climate [email protected]
Sandra Momm is an architect and urbanist andhas a Ph.D. in Environmental Science. She is anAdjunct Professor at the Federal University ofABC where she coordinates the PostgraduateProgram in Territory Planning and Management.She conducts research on territorial planning ininterface with environmental issues such asclimate change, water resources, and protectedareas. [email protected] to quote this text: Moraes, F. C. D., Leonel, A. L., Torres, P. H. C., Jacobi, P. R., Momm, S., 2020. Climate Change and SocialSciences: a bibliometric analysis.
V!rus revista V!RUS V!RUS journal issn 2175-974x ano 2020 year semestre 01 semester Julho 2020 July editorialeditorialentrevistainterviewágoraagoratapetecarpetartigo nomadsnomads paperprojetosprojectsexpedientecreditspróxima v!rusnext v!rus bstract
The complexity of emergent wicked problems, such as climate change, culminatesin a reformulation of how we think about society and mobilize scientists fromvarious disciplines to seek solutions and perspectives on the problem. From anepistemological point of view, it is essential to evaluate how such topics can bedeveloped inside the academic arena but, to do that, it is necessary to performcomplex analysis of the great number of recent academic publications. In thiswork, we discuss how climate change has been addressed by social sciences inpractice. Can we observe the development of a new epistemology by theemergence of the climate change debate? Are there contributions in academicjournals within the field of social sciences addressing climate change? Whichjournals are these? Who are the authors? To answer these questions, wedeveloped an innovative method combining different tools to search, filter, andanalyze the impact of the academic production related to climate change in socialsciences in the most relevant journals.
Keywords:
Bibliometric analysis, Algorithms, Climate change, Social Sciences,Natural Sciences
1 Introduction
There has been an increasingly widespread idea that social sciences should be considered in processesnotoriously marked by the production of specific knowledge from natural sciences. This agenda has becomemore relevant in academia, public policies, international forums, and agencies of the United Nations and theirscientific reports, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007,2013).On July 4th, 2018, a historic meeting took place in Paris (France) leading to the merger of the InternationalCouncil for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC). It launched the InternationalScience Council (ISC), an interdisciplinary forum that aims to bring together experts from all continents,looking for an integration between natural and social sciences. At the ISC launch, the president of the formerICSU and Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences, Catherine Brechignac, stated that "natural sciencesshould no longer dictate the research agenda of the earth system sciences, the social sciences must have atleast the same role of the natural sciences .It is no longer a matter of discussing whether the contributions from the social sciences field are important toaddress climate change but how is their construction, reception, and circulation in the academic arena,especially within the spectrum of our field. In this sense, the search for a clear and imperative dialogue for theconstruction of new “hybrid understandings” (Jacobi, Rotondaro and Torres, 2019, our translation) in acontemporary “world in metamorphosis” (Beck, 2018, our translation) is a contribution from the socialsciences field. How is this happening in practice? Is the production of knowledge in the Social Sciences fieldmoving along with these demands? To identify these changes, we propose a profound analysis of the currentscientific production related to climate change published in the most relevant journals with studies in socialsciences.The initial idea of this work was to combine social sciences, environmental sciences, and territorial planning toperform an interdisciplinary analysis of the production on climate change. The difficulty of finding appropriatetools to filter and analyze the most relevant productions for the research led to the necessity of combiningcomputer science and data analyses to develop a new method for conducting these processes. Since the lackof tools itself is a truly relevant subject that limits the research process, the developed method became thecentral focus of this work. This article describes a set of tools and procedures for a new method specificallydeveloped for an analysis focused on organizing the knowledge produced by the social science communitywithin the interdisciplinary dialogue about climate change.
2 Materials and Methods
Considering that the subject under discussion is recent and has not clearly defined theoretical lines oracademic tradition, the bibliographic research method (State of the art review; Citation Analysis and others)was considered the most appropriate (Ferreira, 2002; Matsuoka and Kaplan, 2008; Creswell, 2010; Lecy andeatty, 2012; Sanchez, 2017). The analysis of the current scientific production related to climate change andsocial science in high impact journals demands determining the most relevant journals that are publishing inthe social sciences. The absence of works related to climate change in such journals is also a relevant data.The Journal Impact Factor (JIF), which is published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), was used asa parameter to determine the journal’s relevance. However, due to interdisciplinarity, the evaluation of thejournal’s main subject is not enough to determine if it frequently publishes studies related to social sciences. Ifwe filter a survey by the journal subject area, we could undesirably neglect important papers published asexceptions in journals from different areas. The Clarivate Analytics search base, Web of Science, does notconsider the area of individual documents but only the journal’s main subject area. Therefore, we used theScopus search database to verify how many studies of social science were published by each journal in aspecific time window. Scopus considers, for each journal, how many articles are indexed in the subject areas,and there are cases in which one article can belong to more than one subject area.The combined information of the JCR and Scopus database is enough to rank the most relevant journals thatfrequently publish social science studies. However, the obtainment of this kind of information can be tricky asit requires the search of each journal on JIF ranking through the Scopus database. The data compilation forthe new ranking was retrieved by using a computer bot developed to automatically perform hundreds ofsearches in the Scopus database. The first journals from the reduced ranking were individually analyzed withVOSviewer to verify the importance of climate change in comparison with other subjects.A more detailed explanation of the search bot and the VOSviewer analysis is described further in this section.We initially used the method presented in this work to analyze data from 2006 to 2018. The year 2006 waschosen as a chronological framework to include works from a year before the publication of the fourth reportof the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which had a great impact on subsequentpublications. We include an update of the results in the discussion session.
The data filtering method consists of using a bot to filter the journals from JCR ranking which, according toScopus, have published studies indexed in the Social Science subject area during the selected time window.The rank was directly downloaded from the Clarivate Analytics webpage in CSV format. The bot wasdeveloped in Python to search in Scopus for every journal from the rank as source title, and to verify if therewas at least one document in the Social Science subject area.Since the Scopus webpage uses JavaScript to render the required information, it was necessary to useautomated test software to control the web browser. We used the ChromeDriver software, controlled by theselenium web driver. The unrestricted access to Scopus was guaranteed by the VPN network of the Universityof São Paulo (USP). The result of the program was compiled in a file with a CSV list containing the journal’sname, its position in the JCR rank, the JIF, and the search result tag, which we explain further.The bot searched on Scopus by directly filling the search parameters (periodic name and date restrictions) inthe Scopus search URL. However, it needed to take some care to ensure the reliability of the results: since weare dealing with automatized processes, we have to be sure that all the documents Scopus may find are fromthe correct journal. To avoid data contamination from other journals with similar names, the search must belimited to the exact source title. This procedure, however, increases the probability of not finding a journal. Aseries of more complex procedures were necessary to repeat the search of journals that were not found in thefirst attempt and increase search success without losing reliability. Figure 1 illustrates the main steps anddecision flow of the whole search procedure, which are:
1 Retrieving the journal name from the JIF rank: we took the journal name from a CSV fileexported from the 2017 JCR and accessed it via pandas library;
Scopus does not accept non-alphanumeric characters on journalnames. It uses ‘and’ instead of ‘&’ and empty spaces instead of hyphens and slashes;
3 Creating an URL for the exact source name search: in the first search process, the botdefined the search as the exact source title by adding s=EXACTSRCTITLE(Journal+Name) . It restricted thetime through the term +AND+PUBYEAR+>+2005 . It was also necessary to limit results to the exact sourcetitle to ensure there was no data contamination, which was done by the addition of theterm cluster=scoexactsrctitle,"Journal+Name",t . It is important to consider, for this last procedure, that Scopussearch is case sensitive, which introduces some difficulties to the search because JCR rank does not follow anyrule to discriminate the use of capital or small letters. The use of Python .title() string method may solve thisproblem in most cases, as in “Energy & Environmental Science”, with the URL: results.uri?rc=s&sot=a&s=EXACTSRCTITLE(energy+and+environmental+science)+AND+PUBYEAR+>+2005&cluster=scoexactsrctitle,"Energy+And+Environmental+Science",t.
However, this solution fails for cases as the “JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICALASSOCIATION”, in which the name JAMA should be kept with all uppercase letters. The impossibility ofprogramming solutions for each case makes the program unable to find some of the journals during this firstsearch process. This problem can be fixed by some search special procedures;; when the search is successful, it is necessary to verify ifthere are any documents indexed in the Social Science subject area. The bot does this by searching, in theHTML code, for all span elements with class equals to “btnText” , which are child from the HTML unordered listelement with id equals to “cluster\_SUBJAREA” . If no document is indexed in Social Science, the journal canbe dismissed;
5 Special procedures: the special procedures are applied only for journals that were not foundduring the first search process. The bot carried out a second search without limiting results to the exactsource title and then extracted the subject area of the results. If the search does not find any document, thejournal is tagged as “not found” for further manual check. If it finds, it is necessary to consider that there maybe data contamination. The program then checks if there are documents indexed in Social Science. If thereare not, the journal is dismissed despite the possibility of data contamination. However, if there aredocuments of Social Science, additional procedures are applied: a Checking for source title: it verifies whether the documents are all from the same journal ornot. In case of a positive result, the journal does contain documents indexed in Social Science. If negative, wehave to look for different source titles. b Comparing journal names with source title list: in case of multiple source titles, the botcompares each title with the journal name we want to check. If the intersection between the words from thesource title and the words from the journal name has more than 75% of the words for both names, it isconsidered a match (even though the intersection between
Nature Materials and
Nature contains 100% of thewords from Nature, it contains only 50% from
Nature Materials , thus it is not considered as a match). Thecomparison was conducted by using small letters only to avoid case-sensitivity. In case of matches, the botperforms a third search by using the source title exactly as it is in Scopus source title list. This search alwaysgives a result which can contain or not documents indexed in Social Science. Depending on the case, thejournal was tagged as “Probably OK” and “Probably False” and the name of the searched journal is added tothe output data. In case of mismatch, the journal was tagged as “Unsure” for further manual check.
Fig. 1:
Flowchart diagram representation of the main operation processes of the bot search algorithm for a journal name.Source: The authors, 2020. .2 Post-filtering and analysis method
The analysis of the relevance of the Social Science subject for the filtered journal began by collectinginformation on how many papers from the journal were indexed in the Social Science subject area. We did thisthrough a Scopus analysis of all documents from each filtered journal. The journals with less than 1% ofdocuments indexed in Social Science were discarded from further analysis because they cannot be consideredas a metric for the social science research community. One percent may seem a small number but itrepresents a high absolute number of documents when considering the whole number of publications from ajournal over a large time.The result list was limited to the 15 journals with the highest impact factor. Then, the number of documents,published in each of these journals, indexed in Social Science was compared with the number of documentsindexed to all other areas. It consequently created a relative index regarding the importance of the journal forthe social science scientific community and the influence of the social science community to the journal.Scopus was once again used to analyze how many articles of each journal from the resulting list containedClimate Change as a keyword. This information, along with the previously discussed information retrievedfrom the journals, were compiled in Table 1. Then, the VOSviewer application was applied to analyze thekeywords of journals with more than 10 documents indexed to Social Science and which contained ClimateChange as a keyword. The VOSviewer generated a word cloud from a list of words. In this cloud, the wordswith higher occurrence are represented with a larger size and the related words appear in clusters. Thisorganization allows us to analyze the relevance of Climate Change as a subject for these journals, whichkeywords are related to Climate Change, and also which are the other relevant keywords to journals notrelated to Climate Change.In a final step, we used Scopus to analyze documents published by the 15 selected journals, between 2007and 2018, which were indexed in Social Science and contained Climate Change as a keyword. We discuss theresult of this analysis in the following section.
3 Results and discussion: the relevance and connections of climate change in top-rankedjournals
The filtering mechanism was set to stop after tagging 50 journals in the output list, which happened after thebot searched for 804 journals from the JCR rank. From these 50 journals, 31 were correctly found, 17 weretagged as not found, and 2 were tagged with unsure results. It may seem that manually searching for 17journals is hard work, but it is feasible in contrast with searching through more than 800 journals. The resultsof the procedures described in the material and methods section are compiled in Table 1. The table describesthe 15 journals with the highest impact factors containing more than 1% of papers indexed to Social Science.
The possibility of indexing articles on different subject areas, regardless of the journal’s main subject area, notonly helps researchers to better find and filter bibliography in a systematic review but also brings valuableinformation about the development of a specific area. This question becomes even more important due to
Table 1:
Most relevant journals in social science. JIF: Journal Impact Factor | Paper Number: the total number of papers inthe journal from 2006 to current days | SS Paper Number: the total number of papers indexed in the social sciences subjectarea of the journal from 2006 to current days | SS Relative Index: number of social sciences indexations in relation to othersubject areas | Occurrence of “Climate Change”: number of times the keyword “Climate Change” appears in the journalfrom 2006 to 2018 (inclusive) | Null: non-available information. Source: The authors, 2018. nterdisciplinarity. Brint points out the interest of American universities in following “new directions” byseeking “interdisciplinary creativity” (Brint, 2005). According to him, while public universities adoptinterdisciplinary strategies “particularly drawn to projects that serve the economic development of theirrespective States”, private universities “are more likely to emphasize the intellectual excitement associatedwith new fields” (Brint, 2005, pp. 29). The efforts to promote interdisciplinarity had many impacts overscientific production and the “diffusion of research across disciplines in the humanities and social sciences”(Jacobs and Frickel, 2009, pp. 43). The consequences directly affect the journal indicators based on citations:authors that work on interdisciplinary problems tend to publish less papers but receive more citations (Leahey,Beckman and Stanko, 2017). Interdisciplinary problems are challenging and attract the interest of manyresearchers from different areas. At the same time, the most influential journals, already well-established intheir fields, may lose influence over their areas and start undesirable competitions by focusing oninterdisciplinary studies. Thus, they prefer to limit the indexation of their publications to their fields.Table 1 shows that some journals index all papers in the same subject area. The documents from
NatureClimate Change , for example, are not individually indexed. Instead, they are all indexed in Social Science andEnvironmental Science. Other magazines, like
Progress in Human Geography and
Annual Review of Sociology ,index all publications in Social Science only. However, documents from the
Behavioral and Brain Sciences andthe
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing would not have been considered if they were notindividually indexed since none of those journals are from Social Science. Both journals present a relativelyhigh number of publications on Social Science. The ISPRS also has many of these publications discussingclimate change. However, we obtained these results in 2018. If someone tries to repeat this survey now, theresult would not contain these two journals since both changed the indexing strategy to the same one adoptedby the most influential journals. Table 2 shows the updated data for the same 15 journals. The mostsignificant alterations beyond the aforementioned are the change on JIF and, consequently, the rankingposition of some journals.
To answer how Social Sciences are dealing with the Climate Change issue, the first procedure adopted was theanalysis of the relevance and connections of Climate Change with the other keywords in the journals fromTable 1.
Dialogues in Human Geography journal indexed all its papers in Social Sciences only. It has alsopublished only 4 Climate Change papers since 2006, which have 16 links to other keywords. Its most commonkeywords and their frequency are Theoretical Study (62), Human Geography (55), and Economic Geography(28). The
Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing keywords are mostly about Remote Sensing (615),Algorithm (390), Accuracy Assessment (356), and Data Set (350). The Social Sciences area has lesssignificance. The 41 papers about Climate Change are indexed in Computer Science, Earth and PlanetarySciences, Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy, and only 9 are also indexed as Social Sciences. These 41papers were produced mostly in the United States (14) and China (11).Five journals of Table 1 were selected for containing, at least, 10 papers indexed in Social Science withClimate Change as a keyword. The word clouds below (Figures 2-6) illustrate the keywords from thesejournals from 2006 to 2018. They were produced with VOSviewer software by selecting all keywords with aminimum of 5 occurrences. Their color scale represents the evolution of the terms in time.I. Nature Climate Change Journal
Nature Climate Change is the highest-ranked journal and the one with most occurrences of Climate Change asa keyword. From 2381 keywords with a minimum of five occurrences, Climate Change is the first on the list,with 676 occurrences and 491 links with other keywords. All papers about Climate Change are indexed in
Table 2:
Information update about the journals in Table 1. Source: The authors, 2020. ocial Sciences and Natural Sciences. Figure 2 shows the relation among all keywords indexed in the
NatureClimate Change journal from 2006 to 2018.II. Land Degradation & DevelopmentThe
Land Degradation & Development journal has 108 occurrences of Climate Change as a keyword. This wordcloud (Figure 3) has 231 keywords and Climate Change has 190 links. According to Scopus database, all these108 papers are indexed simultaneously in Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, andSocial Sciences areas, and most of them were recently published (50 publications in 2018). In this journal,China is the country with the most papers on Climate Change, with 25 publications since 2006.III. Progress in Human GeographyFigure 4 shows the keyword from the
Progress in Human Geography journal. Climate Change occurs 20 timesand ranks 15th in the keyword occurrence list. The majority of those 20 papers were published in 2012 (6)and the countries with more publications are the United Kingdom (6), Australia (5), and the United States (4).
Fig. 2:
Word cloud of keywords from
Nature Climate Change journal papers from 2006 to 2018. Source: The authors, 2018.
Fig. 3:
Keywords from Land Degradation & Development journal papers from 2006 to 2018. Source: The authors, 2018.
V. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy DimensionsAnother journal in which Climate Change is the most frequent keyword is
Global Environmental Change –Human and Policy Dimensions , with 638 mentions. In 36 of these occurrences, publications are indexed onlyin Environmental Sciences. In the other 602 cases, they are indexed both in Environmental Sciences andSocial Sciences areas. The majority of the 638 papers were published in 2014 (88) but, since 2006, theyrepresent an expressive amount per year. In this journal, the United States (244), United Kingdom (194), andAustralia (101) lead the rank of publications by country. Figure 5 shows the relation among all keywordsindexed in the
Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions journal from 2006 to 2018.V. Tourism ManagementIn the
Tourism Management journal, the keyword Climate Change has 31 occurrences with 71 links to other334 keywords as presented in the word cloud of Figure 6. All of these 31 papers are indexed in Business,Management and Accounting, and Social Sciences areas. They were produced mostly in Canada (9), Australia(7), and the United States (7).
Fig. 4:
Keywords from Progress in Human Geography journal papers from 2006 to 2018. Source: The authors, 2018.
Fig. 5:
Keywords from Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions journal papers from 2006 to 2018.Source: The authors, 2018. .3 Climate Change production in the Social Sciences
The final step to understanding the production of knowledge about Climate Change and Social Sciences was toanalyze all the 1,452 papers from 2007 to 2018 with the keyword Climate Change and indexed in SocialSciences in the top-ranked journals. The 10th most cited keywords in these publications were: ClimateChange (1,452 occurrences), Climate Effect (219); Environmental Policy (194); Adaptation (181);Vulnerability (171); Adaptive Management (170); United States (149); Greenhouse Gas (141); AnthropogenicEffect (123); Climate Modeling (112).Until 2013, the publications followed a rising line, with a drop in 2014, a stable fluctuation thereafter, andpeaking in 2016 with 192 publications, as Figure 7 shows. The ranking of publications by country (Figure 8) isled by the United States (617); followed by the United Kingdom (432); Australia (221); Germany (160);Netherlands (135); and Canada (117). The Global South has less representation as expected, with SouthAfrica (36) in 16th, and Brazil occupying the 21st position with 22 publications. Fig. 6:
Keywords from Tourism Management journal papers from 2006 to 2018. Source: The authors, 2018.
Fig. 7:
Total number of publications per year. Source: The authors, 2018. hen we look to the top-cited authors in the selected papers (Figure 9), it is remarkable that none of themare strictly from the Social Sciences field or affiliated with a Social Sciences department, and they have, ingeneral, a great number of works . The best examples are the cases of professors Reto Knutti, Detlef vanVuuren, and Keywan Riahi, from the natural science/environmental science field. Professor Neil Adger, fromthe Geography Department, represents a rare case of a human-social science exponent at the Highly CitedAuthors at the Clarivate Analytics Platform.In terms of gender, there is a balance between the authors. Concerning their affiliations, the largest number ofcontributions came from University of East Anglia (67 papers); Wageningen University and Research Centre(56); University of Exeter (55); University of Oxford (47); and University of Leeds (38), which means that,from the top 5 universities that publish about Social Sciences and Climate Change, 4 are from the UnitedKingdom. This partly explains the position of the UK as the second country with more contributions (Figure 8).Even though Brazil ranks only as of the twenty-first country on the list, it is remarkable that a Brazilian author,based at the University of Michigan, Maria Carmem Lemos, is on the ranking of authors with the largestnumber of published documents (Figure 9).An important finding of our research is that the vast majority of articles about Climate Change indexed inSocial Sciences are also indexed in Environmental Sciences (Figure 10). Fig. 8:
Countries with the largest number of published documents. Source: The authors, 2018.
Fig. 9:
Authors with the largest number of published documents. Source: The authors, 2018.
Conclusion
The emergence of these new “hybrids understandings” (Jacobi, Rotondaro and Torres, 2019, our translation)in a more desirable interdisciplinary field could be the result of a continuous growth of an environmentaldialogue (especially climate change), for example, inside the Social Sciences field. The difficulties to selectonly considerable/indexed information in Social Sciences are described in this research. Some journals, andalso some academic researchers, are already more interdisciplinary in their current works.The need of finding mechanisms that allow us to have a less fragmented view of reality imposes the challengeof strengthening interdisciplinary practices when dealing with problems such as the environmental "crisis" thatis emerging on a planetary scale never seen before.As a consequence, the challenge of breaking with the compartmentalization and diversity marginalization ofknowledge is a relevant issue that involves a set of actors from the educational universe at all levels. Itstrengthens the possibility of fostering other rationalities for the engagement of different systems ofknowledge, training, and professionalization. It consequently empowers content and knowledge based onvalues and practices indispensable to stimulate interest, engagement, and accountability (Jacobi, Giatti andAmbrizzi, 2015).The production of knowledge must necessarily contemplate the interrelationships between natural and socialenvironments, their subsistence, and conflicts with the dominant means of production. This includes theanalysis of the process determinants, the role of the various actors involved, and the forms of socialorganization that increase the power of alternative actions. This is a perspective that strengthens a logic basedon the transversality between knowledge, with an emphasis on socio-environmental sustainability, andmanagement of common resources from a moral-ethical point of view.For the actual construction of practices capable of structuring the foundations of sustainable societies, there isa need to strengthen communities of practice (Wenger, 1998) and Social Learning (Jacobi, 2011). These areas processes that allow increasing the number of people in the knowledge-building exercise and strengtheningdemocratic communication channels to create and enhance interactions that bring substantial advances in theproduction of new social mobilization repertoires and practices for sustainability.The recent merger of International Council for Science (ICSU) and International Social Science Council (ISSC)into International Council for Science (ICS) will be an important arena to observe the movements andpathways taken to the contribution – or not – of the Social Sciences field to the Climate Change debate, aswell as the Future Earth Networks and the Earth System Governance . The contribution will likely grow in amore hybrid and interdisciplinary way, catalyzed by transnational networks more than by academic journals,which is very much desirable.Finally, together with the growing presence of interdisciplinarity on the scientific production, arises thenecessity of developing new methods and tools to understand and analyze how interdisciplinarity is present ina dialogue and how the knowledge of a specific area contributes to an interdisciplinary dialogue. This workdemonstrates a way of evaluating the contribution from the Social Sciences field to the construction of newhybrids of understandings to the climate change dialogue through an innovative bibliometric research method. Acknowledgment
We acknowledge financial support from Grants No. 2018/06685-9, 2019/05644-0, and 2019/18462-7 of theSão Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). These grants are part of the FAPESP thematic project “Environment
Fig. 10:
Subject Area: Social Sciences and Environmental Science. Source: The authors, 2018. overnance in São Paulo Macrometropolis in a climate variability context” No. 2015/03804-9.
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