Observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ξ_{cc}^{++}
LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ajaltouni, S. Akar, J. Albrecht, F. Alessio, M. Alexander, A. Alfonso Albero, S. Ali, G. Alkhazov, P. Alvarez Cartelle, A.A. Alves Jr, S. Amato, S. Amerio, Y. Amhis, L. An, L. Anderlini, G. Andreassi, M. Andreotti, J.E. Andrews, R.B. Appleby, F. Archilli, P. d'Argent, J. Arnau Romeu, A. Artamonov, M. Artuso, E. Aslanides, G. Auriemma, M. Baalouch, I. Babuschkin, S. Bachmann, J.J. Back, A. Badalov, C. Baesso, S. Baker, V. Balagura, W. Baldini, A. Baranov, R.J. Barlow, C. Barschel, S. Barsuk, W. Barter, F. Baryshnikov, V. Batozskaya, V. Battista, A. Bay, L. Beaucourt, J. Beddow, F. Bedeschi, I. Bediaga, A. Beiter, L.J. Bel, N. Beliy, V. Bellee, N. Belloli, K. Belous, I. Belyaev, E. Ben-Haim, G. Bencivenni, S. Benson, S. Beranek, A. Berezhnoy, R. Bernet, D. Berninghoff, E. Bertholet, A. Bertolin, C. Betancourt, F. Betti, M.-O. Bettler, M. van Beuzekom, Ia. Bezshyiko, S. Bifani, P. Billoir, A. Birnkraut, A. Bitadze, A. Bizzeti, M.B. Bjoern, T. Blake, F. Blanc, J. Blouw, S. Blusk, V. Bocci, T. Boettcher, A. Bondar, N. Bondar, W. Bonivento, I. Bordyuzhin, A. Borgheresi, S. Borghi, M. Borisyak, M. Borsato, M. Borysova, F. Bossu, M. Boubdir, T.J.V. Bowcock, E. Bowen, C. Bozzi, S. Braun, et al. (710 additional authors not shown)
EEUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
CERN-EP-2017-156LHCb-PAPER-2017-01812 September 2017
Observation of the doubly charmedbaryon Ξ ++ cc LHCb collaboration † Abstract
A highly significant structure is observed in the Λ + c K − π + π + mass spectrum, wherethe Λ + c baryon is reconstructed in the decay mode pK − π + . The structure isconsistent with originating from a weakly decaying particle, identified as the doublycharmed baryon Ξ ++ cc . The difference between the masses of the Ξ ++ cc and Λ + c statesis measured to be 1334 . ± .
72 (stat) ± .
27 (syst) MeV /c , and the Ξ ++ cc mass isthen determined to be 3621 . ± .
72 (stat) ± .
27 (syst) ± .
14 ( Λ + c ) MeV /c , wherethe last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Λ + c mass. The stateis observed in a sample of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCbexperiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integratedluminosity of 1 . − , and confirmed in an additional sample of data collected at8 TeV. Published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 112001 c (cid:13) CERN on behalf of the LHCb collaboration, license CC-BY-4.0. † Authors are listed at the end of this paper. a r X i v : . [ h e p - e x ] S e p ihe quark model [1–3] predicts the existence of multiplets of baryon and meson states.Those states composed of the lightest four quarks ( u , d , s , c ) form SU (4) multiplets [4].Numerous states with charm quantum number C = 0 or C = 1 have been discovered,including all of the expected q ¯ q and qqq ground states [5]. Three weakly decaying qqq states with C = 2 are expected: one isospin doublet ( Ξ ++ cc = ccu and Ξ + cc = ccd ) and oneisospin singlet ( Ω + cc = ccs ), each with spin-parity J P = 1 / + . The properties of thesebaryons have been calculated with a variety of theoretical models. In most cases, themasses of the Ξ cc states are predicted to lie in the range 3500 to 3700 MeV /c [6–33]. Themasses of the Ξ ++ cc and Ξ + cc states are expected to differ by only a few MeV /c , due toapproximate isospin symmetry [34–36]. Most predictions for the lifetime of the Ξ + cc baryonare in the range 50 to 250 fs, and the lifetime of the Ξ ++ cc baryon is expected to be threeto four times longer at 200 to 700 fs [10, 11, 19, 24, 37–40]. While both are expected tobe produced at hadron colliders [41–43], the longer lifetime of the Ξ ++ cc baryon shouldmake it significantly easier to observe than the Ξ + cc baryon in such experiments, due tothe use of real-time (online) event-selection requirements designed to reject backgroundsoriginating from the primary interaction point.Experimentally, there is a longstanding puzzle in the Ξ cc system. Observations of the Ξ + cc baryon at a mass of 3519 ± /c with signal yields of 15.9 events over 6 . ± . Λ + c K − π + (6 . σ significance), and 5.62 events over 1 . ± . pD + K − (4 . σ significance) were reported by the SELEXcollaboration [44, 45]. Their results included a number of unexpected features, notablya short lifetime and a large production rate relative to that of the singly charmed Λ + c baryon. The lifetime was stated to be shorter than 33 fs at the 90% confidence level, andSELEX concluded that 20% of all Λ + c baryons observed by the experiment originatedfrom Ξ + cc decays, implying a relative Ξ cc production rate several orders of magnitudelarger than theoretical expectations [11]. Searches from the FOCUS [46], BaBar [47], andBelle [48] experiments did not find evidence for a state with the properties reported bySELEX, and neither did a search at LHCb with data collected in 2011 corresponding toan integrated luminosity of 0 .
65 fb − [49]. However, because the production environmentsat these experiments differ from that of SELEX, which studied collisions of a hyperonbeam on fixed nuclear targets, these null results do not exclude the original observations.This Letter presents the observation of the Ξ ++ cc baryon via the decay mode Λ + c K − π + π + (Fig. 1), which is expected to have a branching fraction of up to 10% [50].The Λ + c baryon is reconstructed in the final state pK − π + . The data consist of pp colli-sions collected by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN with acenter-of-mass energy of 13 TeV taken in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosityof 1 . − .The LHCb detector is a single-arm forward spectrometer covering the pseudorapidityrange 2 < η <
5, designed for the study of particles containing b or c quarks, and isdescribed in detail in Refs. [51, 52]. The detector elements most relevant to this analysisare a silicon-strip vertex detector surrounding the pp interaction region, a tracking systemthat provides a measurement of the momentum of charged particles, and two ring-imagingCherenkov detectors [53] that are able to discriminate between different species of chargedhadrons. The online event selection is performed by a trigger that consists of a hardwarestage, which is based on information from the calorimeter and muon systems, followed Inclusion of charge-conjugate processes is implied throughout. cd ¯ du ¯ usu ¯ ducc W + Ξ ++ cc π + Λ + c K − π + Figure 1: Example Feynman diagram contributing to the decay Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + . by a software stage, which fully reconstructs the event [54]. The online reconstructionincorporates near-real-time alignment and calibration of the detector [55], which in turnallows the reconstruction of the Ξ ++ cc decay to be performed entirely in the trigger software.The reconstruction of Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + decays proceeds as follows. Candidate Λ + c → pK − π + decays are reconstructed from three charged particles that form a good-quality vertex and that are inconsistent with originating from any pp collision primaryvertex (PV). The PV of any single particle is defined to be the PV with respect to whichthe particle has the smallest impact parameter χ ( χ ), which is the difference in χ ofthe PV fit with and without the particle in question. The Λ + c vertex is required to bedisplaced from its PV by a distance corresponding to a proper decay time greater than150 fs. The Λ + c candidate is then combined with three additional charged particles to forma Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + candidate. These additional particles must form a good-qualityvertex with the Λ + c candidate, and the Λ + c decay vertex must be downstream of the Ξ ++ cc vertex. Each of the six final-state particles is required to pass track-quality requirements,to have hadron-identification information consistent with the appropriate hypothesis ( p , K , or π ), and to have transverse momentum p T >
500 MeV /c . To avoid duplicate tracks,the angle between each pair of final-state particles with the same charge is required to belarger than 0 . Ξ ++ cc candidate must have p T > /c and must be consistentwith originating from its PV. The selection above includes criteria applied in the triggersoftware, plus additional requirements chosen based on simulated signal events and acontrol sample of data. Simulated signal events are produced with the standard LHCbsimulation software [56–62] interfaced to a dedicated generator, Genxicc [63–65], for Ξ ++ cc baryon production. In the simulation, the Ξ ++ cc mass and lifetime are assumed tobe 3600 MeV /c and 333 fs. The background control sample consists of wrong-sign (WS) Λ + c K − π + π − combinations.The background level is further reduced with a multivariate selector based on themultilayer perceptron algorithm [66]. The selector is trained with simulated signal eventsand with the WS control sample of data to represent the background. For both signal andbackground training samples, candidates are required to pass the selection described aboveand to fall within a signal search region defined as 2270 < m cand ( Λ + c ) < /c and2300 < m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) < /c , where m cand ( Λ + c ) is the reconstructed mass of the Λ + c candidate, m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) ≡ m ( Λ + c K − π + π ± ) − m cand ( Λ + c ) + m PDG ( Λ + c ), m ( Λ + c K − π + π ± )is the reconstructed mass of the Λ + c K − π + π ± combination, and m PDG ( Λ + c ) = 2286 . ± .
14 MeV /c is the known value of the Λ + c mass [5]. The m cand ( Λ + c ) window correspondsto approximately ± Λ + c mass resolution. The use of m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) rather than m ( Λ + c K − π + π ± ) cancels fluctuations in the reconstructed Λ + c mass to first order, andthereby improves the Ξ ++ cc mass resolution by approximately 40%.Based on studies with simulated events and control samples of data, ten input variablesthat together provide good discrimination between signal and background candidates areused in the multivariate selector. They are as follows: the χ per degree of freedom of eachof the Λ + c vertex fit, the Ξ ++ cc vertex fit, and a kinematic refit [67] of the Ξ ++ cc decay chainrequiring it to originate from its PV; the smallest p T of the three decay products of the Λ + c ; the smallest p T of the four decay products of the Ξ ++ cc ; the scalar sum of the p T of thefour decay products of the Ξ ++ cc ; the angle between the Ξ ++ cc momentum vector and thedirection from the PV to the Ξ ++ cc decay vertex; the flight distance χ between the PV andthe Ξ ++ cc decay vertex; the χ of the Ξ ++ cc with respect to its PV; and the smallest χ ofthe decay products of the Ξ ++ cc with respect to its PV. Here, the flight distance χ is definedas the χ of the hypothesis that the Ξ ++ cc decay vertex coincides with its PV. Candidatesare retained for analysis only if their multivariate selector output values exceed a thresholdchosen by maximizing the expected value of the figure of merit ε/ ( + √ B ) [68], where ε is the estimated signal efficiency and B is the estimated number of background candidatesunderneath the signal peak. The quantity B is computed with the WS control sample and,purely for the purposes of this optimization, it is calculated in a window centered at a massof 3600 MeV /c and of halfwidth 12 . /c (corresponding to approximately twice theexpected resolution). Its evaluation takes into account the difference in background ratesbetween the Λ + c K − π + π + signal mode and the WS sample, scaling the WS backgroundby the ratio seen in data in the sideband regions 3200 < m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) < /c and 3800 < m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) < /c . The performance of the multivariate selector isalso tested for simulated signal events under other lifetime hypotheses; while the signalefficiency increases with the lifetime, it is found that the training obtained for 333 fs isclose to optimal ( i.e. gives comparable performance to a training optimized for the newlifetime hypothesis) even for much shorter or longer lifetimes.After the multivariate selection is applied, events may still contain more than one Ξ ++ cc candidate in the signal search region. Based on studies of simulation and the control datasample, no peaking background arises due to multiple candidates except for the specialcase in which the candidates are formed from the same six decay products but two of thedecay products are interchanged ( e.g. , the K − particle from the Ξ ++ cc decay and the K − particle from the Λ + c decay). In such instances, one of the candidates is chosen at randomto be retained and all others are discarded. In the remaining events, the fraction that hasmore than one Ξ ++ cc candidate in the range 3300–3800 MeV /c is approximately 8%.The selection described above is then applied to data in the search region. Figure 2shows the Λ + c mass distribution, and the Ξ ++ cc mass spectra for candidates in the massrange 2270 < m cand ( Λ + c ) < /c . A structure is visible in the signal mode at amass of approximately 3620 MeV /c . No significant structure is visible in the WS controlsample, nor for events in the Λ + c mass sidebands. To measure the properties of thestructure, an unbinned extended maximum likelihood fit is performed to the invariantmass distribution in the restricted Λ + c K − π + π + mass window of 3620 ±
150 MeV /c (Fig. 3).3 c ) [MeV/ +c L ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 13 TeV
SignalSideband ] c ) [MeV/ ++cc X ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 13 TeV
Figure 2: Mass spectra of (left) Λ + c and (right) Ξ ++ cc candidates. The full selection is applied,except for the Λ + c mass requirement in the case of the left plot. For the Λ + c mass distributionthe (cross-hatched) signal and (vertical line) sideband regions are indicated; to avoid duplication,the histogram is filled only once in events that contain more than one Ξ ++ cc candidate. Inthe right plot the right-sign (RS) signal sample Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + is shown, along with thecontrol samples: Λ + c sideband (SB) Λ + c K − π + π + candidates and wrong-sign (WS) Λ + c K − π + π − candidates, normalized to have the same area as the RS sample in the m cand ( Ξ ++ cc ) sidebands. The peaking structure is empirically described by a Gaussian function plus a modifiedGaussian function with power-law tails on both sides [69]. All peak parameters are fixedto values obtained from simulation apart from the mass, yield, and an overall resolutionparameter. The background is described by a second-order polynomial with parametersfree to float in the fit. The signal yield is measured to be 313 ±
33, corresponding to alocal statistical significance in excess of 12 σ when evaluated with a likelihood ratio test.The fitted resolution parameter is 6 . ± . /c , consistent with simulation. The samestructure is also observed in the Λ + c K − π + π + spectrum in a pp data sample collected byLHCb at √ s = 8 TeV (see supplemental material in Appendix A for results from the 8 TeVcross-check sample). The local statistical significance of the peak in the 8 TeV sample isabove 7 σ , and its mass is consistent with that in the 13 TeV data sample.Additional cross-checks are performed confirming the robustness of the observation.The significance of the structure in the Λ + c K − π + π + final state remains above 12 σ whenfixing the resolution parameter in the invariant mass fit to the value obtained fromsimulation, changing the threshold value for the multivariate selector, removing eventscontaining multiple candidates in the fitted mass range, or using an alternative selectionwithout a multivariate classifier. The significance also remains above 12 σ in a subsampleof candidates for which the reconstructed decay time exceeds five times its uncertainty.This is consistent with a weakly decaying state and inconsistent with the strong decayof a resonance. No fake peaking structures are observed in the control samples whenrequiring various intermediate resonances to be present ( ρ , K ∗ , Σ c , Σ ++ c , Λ ∗ + c ) norare they observed when combining Ξ ++ cc and Λ + c decay products. The contributions ofmisidentified D + s → K + K − π + and D + → K − π + π + decays are found to be negligible.The sources of systematic uncertainty affecting the measurement of the Ξ ++ cc mass(Table 1) include the momentum-scale calibration, the event selection, the unknown Ξ ++ cc lifetime, the invariant mass fit model, and the uncertainty on the Λ + c mass. The momentum4 c ) [MeV/ ++cc X ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 13 TeV
Figure 3: Invariant mass distribution of Λ + c K − π + π + candidates with fit projections overlaid. scale is calibrated with samples of J/ψ → µ + µ − and B + → J/ψ K + decays [70, 71]. Aftercalibration, an uncertainty of ± .
03% is assigned, which corresponds to a systematicuncertainty of 0 .
22 MeV /c on the reconstructed Ξ ++ cc mass. The selection procedure ismore efficient for vertices that are well separated from the PV, and therefore preferentiallyretains longer-lived Ξ ++ cc candidates. Because of a correlation between the reconstructeddecay time and the reconstructed mass, this induces a positive bias on the mass for both Ξ ++ cc and Λ + c candidates. The effect is studied with simulation and the bias on the Ξ ++ cc mass is determined to be +0 . ± .
14 MeV /c (assuming a lifetime of 333 fs), where theuncertainty is due to the limited size of the simulation sample. A corresponding correctionis applied to the fitted value in data. To validate this procedure, the Λ + c mass in aninclusive sample is measured and corrected in the same way; after the correction, the Λ + c mass is found to agree with the known value [5]. The bias on the Ξ ++ cc mass depends on theunknown Ξ ++ cc lifetime, introducing a further source of uncertainty on the correction. Thisis estimated by repeating the procedure for other Ξ ++ cc lifetime hypotheses between 200and 700 fs. The largest deviation in the correction, 0 .
06 MeV /c , is taken as an additionalsystematic uncertainty. Final-state photon radiation also causes a bias in the measuredmass, which is determined to be − .
05 MeV /c with simulation [60]. The uncertaintyon this correction is approximately 0 .
01 MeV /c and is neglected. The dependence ofthe measurement on the fit model is estimated by varying the shape parameters thatare fixed according to simulation, by using alternative signal and background models,and by repeating the fits in different mass ranges. The largest deviation seen in themass, 0 .
07 MeV /c , is assigned as a systematic uncertainty. Finally, since the Ξ ++ cc mass ismeasured relative to the Λ + c mass, the uncertainty of 0 .
14 MeV /c on the world-averagevalue of the latter is included. After taking these systematic effects into account andcombining their uncertainties (except that on the Λ + c mass) in quadrature, the Ξ ++ cc mass is measured to be 3621 . ± .
72 (stat) ± .
27 (syst) ± .
14 ( Λ + c ) MeV /c . The mass5 able 1: Systematic uncertainties on the Ξ ++ cc mass measurement. Source Value [ MeV /c ]Momentum-scale calibration 0.22Selection bias correction 0.14Unknown Ξ ++ cc lifetime 0.06Mass fit model 0.07Sum of above in quadrature 0.27 Λ + c mass uncertainty 0.14difference between the Ξ ++ cc and Λ + c states is 1334 . ± .
72 (stat) ± .
27 (syst) MeV /c .In summary, a highly significant structure is observed in the final state Λ + c K − π + π + ina pp data sample collected by LHCb at √ s = 13 TeV, with a signal yield of 313 ±
33. Themass of the structure is measured to be 3621 . ± .
72 (stat) ± .
27 (syst) ± .
14 ( Λ + c ) MeV /c ,where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Λ + c mass, and its widthis consistent with experimental resolution. The structure is confirmed with consistentmass in a data set collected by LHCb at √ s = 8 TeV. The signal candidates havesignificant decay lengths, and the signal remains highly significant after a minimumlifetime requirement of approximately five times the expected decay-time resolution isimposed. This state is therefore incompatible with a strongly decaying particle but isconsistent with the expectations for the weakly decaying Ξ ++ cc baryon. The mass ofthe observed Ξ ++ cc state is greater than that of the Ξ + cc peaks reported by the SELEXcollaboration [44, 45] by 103 ± /c . This difference would imply an isospin splittingvastly larger than that seen in any other baryon system and is inconsistent with theexpected size of a few MeV /c [34–36]. Consequently, while the state reported here isconsistent with most theoretical expectations for the Ξ ++ cc baryon, it is inconsistent withbeing an isospin partner to the Ξ + cc state reported previously by the SELEX collaboration. Acknowledgements
We thank Chao-Hsi Chang, Cai-Dian L¨u, Xing-Gang Wu, and Fu-Sheng Yu for frequentand interesting discussions on the production and decays of double-heavy-flavor baryons.We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for theexcellent performance of the LHC. We thank the technical and administrative staff at theLHCb institutes. We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national agencies:CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and FINEP (Brazil); MOST and NSFC (China); CNRS/IN2P3(France); BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany); INFN (Italy); NWO (The Netherlands);MNiSW and NCN (Poland); MEN/IFA (Romania); MinES and FASO (Russia); MinECo(Spain); SNSF and SER (Switzerland); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); NSF(USA). We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN, IN2P3(France), KIT and DESY (Germany), INFN (Italy), SURF (The Netherlands), PIC (Spain),GridPP (United Kingdom), RRCKI and Yandex LLC (Russia), CSCS (Switzerland), IFIN-HH (Romania), CBPF (Brazil), PL-GRID (Poland) and OSC (USA). We are indebted tothe communities behind the multiple open source software packages on which we depend.Individual groups or members have received support from AvH Foundation (Germany),EPLANET, Marie Sk(cid:32)lodowska-Curie Actions and ERC (European Union), Conseil G´en´eral6e Haute-Savoie, Labex ENIGMASS and OCEVU, R´egion Auvergne (France), RFBR andYandex LLC (Russia), GVA, XuntaGal and GENCAT (Spain), Herchel Smith Fund, TheRoyal Society, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and the Leverhulme Trust(United Kingdom). 7
Appendix: Supplemental material
The Letter describes the observation of a narrow structure in the Λ + c K − π + π + massspectrum in a sample of data collected by the LHCb experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 . − . In addition,as a cross-check, a similar study is carried out on a separate data sample collected in2012 at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of2 . − . The 13 TeV sample has greater sensitivity, due both to an increase in the expectedcross-section at higher center-of-mass energy and to improvements in the online selectionbetween the data-taking periods. Nonetheless, a smaller but still highly significant signalis also found in the 8 TeV sample, with properties fully compatible with those of thesignal seen in the 13 TeV sample. This serves as a useful, and statistically independent,validation. In this supplemental material, the differences between the two data samplesare outlined and results from the cross-check 8 TeV sample are shown.Data taken during 2012 follow an event processing model in which events are firstrequired to pass a multi-level online event selection. The online selection used for thisstudy is the same as that described in Ref. [49]. The events are then analyzed offline andthe decay chain Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + is reconstructed following the procedure described inthe Letter. The Ξ ++ cc candidates are required to pass the same series of selection criteria asfor the 13 TeV sample, as well as three additional requirements (on the p T of the productsof the Λ + c decay, on the particle identification information of the π + from the Λ + c decay,and on the distances of closest approach of the decay products of the Ξ ++ cc to one another)that were applied as part of an initial event filtering pass. Candidates are also required topass the multivariate selector described in the Letter. For consistency, the same selectorused in the 13 TeV sample was applied to the 8 TeV sample. However, the threshold onthe selector output was reoptimized with control samples with a center-of-mass energy of8 TeV.Figure 4 shows the Λ + c and Ξ ++ cc mass spectra in the 8 TeV sample after the finalselection. As with the 13 TeV sample, a narrow structure is visible in the signal mode butno structure is seen in the control samples. The fit procedure described in the Letter isapplied to the 8 TeV right-sign sample, and the results are shown in Fig. 5. The signalyield is measured to be 113 ±
21, and corresponds to a statistical significance in excessof seven standard deviations. The fitted mass differs from that in the 13 TeV sampleby 0 . ± . /c (where the uncertainty is statistical only). The fitted resolutionparameter is 6 . ± . /c , consistent with that in the 13 TeV sample and with thevalue expected from simulation. The resolution parameter is the weighted average ofthe widths of the two Gaussian functions of the signal mass fit model. Thus, the fittedproperties of the structures seen in the two samples are consistent, and we conclude thatthey are associated with the same physical process. Combined with the yield of 313 ± ± c ) [MeV/ +c L ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 8 TeV
SignalSideband ] c ) [MeV/ ++cc X ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 8 TeV
Figure 4: Mass spectra of (left) Λ + c and (right) Ξ ++ cc candidates in the 8 TeV data sample. Thefull selection is applied, except for the Λ + c mass requirement in the case of the left plot. For the Λ + c mass distribution the (cross-hatched) signal and (vertical lines) sideband regions are indicated;to avoid duplication, the histogram is filled only once in events that contain more than one Ξ ++ cc candidate. In the right plot the right-sign (RS) signal sample Ξ ++ cc → Λ + c K − π + π + is shown,along with the control samples: Λ + c sideband (SB) Λ + c K − π + π + candidates and wrong-sign (WS) Λ + c K − π + π − candidates, normalized to have the same area as the RS sample in the m cand ( Ξ ++ cc )sidebands. ] c ) [MeV/ ++cc X ( cand m c C a nd i d a t e s p e r M e V / LHCb 8 TeV
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Thomas ,J. van Tilburg , M.J. Tilley , V. Tisserand , M. Tobin , S. Tolk , L. Tomassetti ,g ,D. Tonelli , F. Toriello , R. Tourinho Jadallah Aoude , E. Tournefier , M. Traill ,M.T. Tran , M. Tresch , A. Trisovic , A. Tsaregorodtsev , P. Tsopelas , A. Tully ,N. Tuning , A. Ukleja , A. Usachov , A. Ustyuzhanin , U. Uwer , C. Vacca ,f , A. Vagner ,V. Vagnoni , , A. Valassi , S. Valat , G. Valenti , R. Vazquez Gomez ,P. Vazquez Regueiro , S. Vecchi , M. van Veghel , J.J. Velthuis , M. Veltri ,r ,G. Veneziano , A. Venkateswaran , T.A. Verlage , M. Vernet , M. Vesterinen ,J.V. Viana Barbosa , B. Viaud , D. Vieira , M. Vieites Diaz , H. Viemann ,X. Vilasis-Cardona ,m , M. Vitti , V. Volkov , A. Vollhardt , B. Voneki , A. Vorobyev ,V. Vorobyev ,w , C. Voß , J.A. de Vries , C. V´azquez Sierra , R. Waldi , C. Wallace ,R. Wallace , J. Walsh , J. Wang , D.R. Ward , H.M. Wark , N.K. Watson ,D. Websdale , A. Weiden , M. Whitehead , J. Wicht , G. Wilkinson , , M. Wilkinson ,M. Williams , M.P. Williams , M. Williams , T. Williams , F.F. Wilson , J. Wimberley ,M.A. Winn , J. Wishahi , W. Wislicki , M. Witek , G. Wormser , S.A. Wotton ,K. Wraight , K. Wyllie , Y. Xie , Z. Xu , Z. Yang , Z. Yang , Y. Yao , H. Yin , J. Yu ,X. Yuan , O. Yushchenko , K.A. Zarebski , M. Zavertyaev ,c , L. Zhang , Y. Zhang ,A. Zhelezov , Y. Zheng , X. Zhu , V. Zhukov , J.B. Zonneveld , S. Zucchelli . Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F´ısicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China LAPP, Universit´e Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France Clermont Universit´e, Universit´e Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France LAL, Universit´e Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France LPNHE, Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie, Universit´e Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany Fakult¨at Physik, Technische Universit¨at Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universit¨at Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Sezione INFN di Bari, Bari, Italy Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy Universita e INFN, Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy Universita e INFN, Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krak´ow, Poland AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science,Krak´ow, Poland National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Physik-Institut, Universit¨at Z¨urich, Z¨urich, Switzerland Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, TheNetherlands NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States Pontif´ıcia Universidade Cat´olica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, associated to
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, associated to
School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, associated to
Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, associated to
Departamento de Fisica , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, associated to Institut f¨ur Physik, Universit¨at Rostock, Rostock, Germany, associated to
National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia, associated to
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, associated to
Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain,associated to