Featured Researches

Quantum Physics

"Membrane-outside" as an optomechanical system

We theoretically study an optomechanical system, which consists of a two-sided cavity and a mechanical membrane that is placed outside of it. The membrane is positioned close to one of its mirrors, and the cavity is coupled to the external light field through the other mirror. Our study is focused on the regime where the dispersive optomechanical coupling in the system vanishes. Such a regime is found to be possible if the membrane is less reflecting than the adjacent mirror, yielding a potentially very strong dissipative optomechanical coupling. Specifically, if the absolute values of amplitude transmission coefficients of the membrane and the mirror, t and t m respectively, obey the condition t 2 m <t??t m ?? , the dissipative coupling constant of the setup exceeds the dispersive coupling constant for an optomechanical cavity of the same length. The dissipative coupling constant and the corresponding optomechanical cooperativity of the proposed system are also compared with those of the Michelson-Sagnac interferometer and the so-called "membrane-at-the-edge" system, which are known for a strong optomechanical dissipative interaction. It is shown that under the above condition, the system proposed here is advantageous in both aspects. It also enables an efficient realization of the two-port configuration, which was recently proposed as a promising optomechanical system, providing, among other benefits, a possibility of quantum limited optomechanical measurements in a system, which does not suffer from any optomechanical instability.

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Quantum Physics

3D-Space and the preferred basis cannot uniquely emerge from the quantum structure

Is it possible that only the state vector exists, and the 3D-space, a preferred basis, a preferred factorization of the Hilbert space, and everything else, emerge uniquely from the Hamiltonian and the state vector? In this article no-go theorems are given, showing that whenever such a candidate preferred structure exists and can distinguish among physically distinct states, infinitely many physically distinct structures of the same kind exist. The idea of the proof is very simple: it is always possible to make a unitary transformation of the candidate structure into another one of the same kind, but with respect to which the state of the system at a given time appears identical to its (physically distinct) state at any other time, or even to states from "alternative realities". Therefore, such minimalist approaches lead to strange consequences like "passive" travel in time and in alternative realities, realized simply by passive transformations of the Hilbert space. These theorems affect all minimalist theories in which the only fundamental structures are the state vector and the Hamiltonian (so-called "Hilbert space fundamentalism"), whether they assume branching or state vector reduction, in particular, the version of Everett's Interpretation coined by Carroll and Singh "Mad-dog Everettianism", various proposals based on decoherence, proposals that aim to describe everything by the quantum structure, and proposals that spacetime emerges from a purely quantum theory of gravity.

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Quantum Physics

A High Speed Integrated Quantum Random Number Generator with on-Chip Real-Time Randomness Extraction

The security of electronic devices has become a key requisite for the rapidly-expanding pervasive and hyper-connected world. Robust security protocols ensuring secure communication, device's resilience to attacks, authentication control and users privacy need to be implemented. Random Number Generators (RNGs) are the fundamental primitive in most secure protocols but, often, also the weakest one. Establishing security in billions of devices requires high quality random data generated at a sufficiently high throughput. On the other hand, the RNG should exhibit a high integration level with on-chip extraction to remove, in real time, potential imperfections. We present the first integrated Quantum RNG (QRNG) in a standard CMOS technology node. The QRNG is based on a parallel array of independent Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), homogeneously illuminated by a DC-biased LED, and co-integrated logic circuits for postprocessing. We describe the randomness generation process and we prove the quantum origin of entropy. We show that co-integration of combinational logic, even of high complexity, does not affect the quality of randomness. Our CMOS QRNG can reach up to 400 Mbit/s throughput with low power consumption. Thanks to the use of standard CMOS technology and a modular architecture, our QRNG is suitable for a highly scalable solution.

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Quantum Physics

A Reconfigurable Quantum Local Area Network Over Deployed Fiber

Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as flexible-grid bandwidth allocation. In this work, we implement flex-grid entanglement distribution in a deployed network for the first time, connecting nodes in three distinct campus buildings time-synchronized via the Global Positioning System (GPS). We quantify the quality of the distributed polarization entanglement via log-negativity, which offers a generic metric of link performance in entangled bits per second. After demonstrating successful entanglement distribution for two allocations of our eight dynamically reconfigurable channels, we demonstrate remote state preparation -- the first realization on deployed fiber -- showcasing one possible quantum protocol enabled by the distributed entanglement network. Our results realize an advanced paradigm for managing entanglement resources in quantum networks of ever-increasing complexity and service demands.

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Quantum Physics

A Universal Representation for Quantum Commuting Correlations

We explicitly construct an Archimedean order unit space whose state space is affinely isomorphic to the set of quantum commuting correlations. Our construction only requires fundamental techniques from the theory of order unit spaces and operator systems. Our main results are achieved by characterizing when a finite set of positive contractions in an Archimedean order unit space can be realized as a set of projections on a Hilbert space.

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Quantum Physics

A hardware-efficient leakage-reduction scheme for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits

Leakage outside of the qubit computational subspace poses a threatening challenge to quantum error correction (QEC). We propose a scheme using two leakage-reduction units (LRUs) that mitigate these issues for a transmon-based surface code, without requiring an overhead in terms of hardware or QEC-cycle time as in previous proposals. For data qubits we consider a microwave drive to transfer leakage to the readout resonator, where it quickly decays, ensuring that this negligibly affects the coherence within the computational subspace for realistic system parameters. For ancilla qubits we apply a |1?��?|2??? pulse conditioned on the measurement outcome. Using density-matrix simulations of the distance-3 surface code we show that the average leakage lifetime is reduced to almost 1 QEC cycle, even when the LRUs are implemented with limited fidelity. Furthermore, we show that this leads to a significant reduction of the logical error rate. This LRU scheme opens the prospect for near-term scalable QEC demonstrations.

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Quantum Physics

A new quantum algorithm for the hidden shift problem in Z n 2 t

In this paper we make a step towards a time and space efficient algorithm for the hidden shift problem for groups of the form Z n k . We give a solution to the case when k is a power of 2, which has polynomial running time in n , and only uses quadratic classical, and linear quantum space in nlog(k) . It can be a useful tool in the general case of the hidden shift and hidden subgroup problems too, since one of the main algorithms made to solve them can use this algorithm as a subroutine in its recursive steps, making it more efficient in some instances.

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Quantum Physics

A pedagogical note on the computation of relative entropy of two n -mode gaussian states

We present a formula for the relative entropy S(rho||sigma) of two n mode gaussian states rho, sigma in the boson Fock space. It is shown that the relative entropy has a classical and a quantum part: The classical part consists of a weighted linear combination of relative Shannon entropies of n pairs of Bernouli trials arising from the thermal state composition of the gaussian states rho and sigma. The quantum part has a sum of n terms, that are functions of the annihilation means and the covariance matrices of 1-mode marginals of the gaussian state ? ??, which is equivalent to \rho under a disentangling unitary gaussian symmetry operation of the state ? . A generalized formula for the Petz-Renyi relative entropy S_alpha(rho||sigma) for gaussian states \rho, \sigma is also presented. Furthermore it is shown that the Petz-Renyi relative entropy converges to the limit S(rho||sigma) as alpha increases to 1.

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Quantum Physics

A scaling hypothesis for projected entangled-pair states

We introduce a new paradigm for scaling simulations with projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) for critical strongly-correlated systems, allowing for reliable extrapolations of PEPS data with relatively small bond dimensions D . The key ingredient consists of using the effective correlation length ? for inducing a collapse of data points, f(D,?)=f(ξ(D,?)) , for arbitrary values of D and the environment bond dimension ? . As such we circumvent the need for extrapolations in ? and can use many distinct data points for a fixed value of D . Here, we need that the PEPS has been optimized using a fixed- ? gradient method, which can be achieved using a novel tensor-network algorithm for finding fixed points of 2-D transfer matrices, or by using the formalism of backwards differentiation. We test our hypothesis on the critical 3-D dimer model, the 3-D classical Ising model, and the 2-D quantum Heisenberg model.

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Quantum Physics

A short story of quantum and information thermodynamics

This Colloquium is a fast journey through the build-up of key thermodynamical concepts, i.e. work, heat and irreversibility -- and how they relate to information. Born at the time of industrial revolution to optimize the exploitation of thermal resources, these concepts have been adapted to small systems where thermal fluctuations are predominant. Extending the framework to quantum fluctuations is a great challenge of quantum thermodynamics, that opens exciting research lines e.g. measurement fueled engines or thermodynamics of driven-dissipative systems. On a more applied side, it provides the tools to optimize the energetic consumption of future quantum computers.

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