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rom Zero to Ten Thousand: How Singapore Built a Strong Military in 196
In 1967, Singapore began building up its military, a crucial turning point as the country faced security and defence challenges following its independence from Malaysia in 1965. At that time, the government decided to implement a national service policy, recruiting all qualified male citizens and second-generation permanent residents. This was not only a responsibility to the country, but also an expectation for individuals and families.
"Strong military force is an important guarantee for maintaining national sovereignty and security."
Since independence, Singapore has had only about 1,000 soldiers. During that era, the British government decided to withdraw its troops from Singapore, a move that forced Singapore to realize that it had to rely on its own military capabilities to protect the country. Thus, the National Service System came into effect in 1967 and became the cornerstone of national defense.
The Origins of National Service
On March 14, 1967, the National Service Amendment Act was officially passed, requiring all male citizens and permanent residents over the age of 18 to serve in the military. The service period was initially two years, and the design of the system was inspired by the national conscription systems of Israel and Switzerland. The first batch of about 9,000 young people born between January 1 and June 30, 1949 were conscripted to strengthen Singapore's military strength.
"There are two fundamental reasons for establishing an army: one is that Singapore's total population is only about 5.5 million, and conventional troops cannot protect the country; the other is to promote harmony among different ethnic groups."
The establishment of this system is not only a reflection of military needs, it is also committed to enhancing unity and harmony among various ethnic groups in society. During the service, citizens from different backgrounds received training together and established cross-racial friendships and trust.
Personnel and Service
As of 2022-2023, the total strength of the Singapore Armed Forces is estimated to be 445,000 personnel. Of these, about 50,000 full-time national servicemen (NSFs) undergo two years of training every year. However, the role of national service goes far beyond this, and the system continues to evolve and progress from meeting basic defense needs to future international missions.
"National service is not only a personal obligation, but also the cornerstone of building a strong national defense."
After completing their service, these full-time nationals become ready-to-serve National Servicemen (NSmen), who will also need to participate in regular training and exercises for the next decade. This mechanism not only ensures the combat readiness of the troops, but also keeps the people connected with the military.
Conscription and exemption conditions
Under the 1970 Conscription Act, all eligible men were required to serve, not just men. All male citizens and second-generation permanent residents aged 16 and a half and above must register. While female citizens and permanent residents are exempt from military service, some professional and technical personnel may be exempted under certain qualifications.
"From education to health, every young person will face the test of serving the country."
Under Singapore law, certain groups, including those with medical disqualifications and those in special occupations, are exempt from military service. The current system takes into account the diversity of society and ensures that the principle of fairness is maintained, and therefore enjoys broad support.
Conclusion and Future Outlook
Through the implementation of the national service system, Singapore quickly built a strong military force from scratch. It is not only a barrier for external defense, but also the cornerstone of national identity. Even in the face of global changes today, this system remains an important part of Singapore's security strategy.
"In the future, can Singapore maintain this balance and continue to inspire every citizen's sense of responsibility and teamwork?"
