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Invisible Propulsion: How does ABEP break through the limitations of traditional fuels and achieve long-duration space missions?
With the rapid development of space exploration technology, conventional propulsion systems face many challenges, especially for endurance missions in low Earth orbit (LEO). Recently, ambient breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) technology is emerging as a new force in driving long-duration space missions. This technology can not only generate thrust by using residual gases in the atmosphere without carrying propellants, but also significantly extend the service life of satellites, making it potentially useful in many fields such as science, military and civilian monitoring. application.
The development of environmentally breathable electric propulsion technology has made long-duration missions in low Earth orbit feasible, which will revolutionize the way we conduct space missions.
How it works
The core of the ABEP system consists of the air inlet and electric thrusters. When the rarefied gases in low Earth orbit are collected by the intake system, they are used as propellant. In the thrusters, these gases are ionized and ejected at high speeds, generating thrust. The power requirements of this process can be met by existing space power systems such as solar panels and batteries, while in extreme environments, the application of space nuclear reactors or radioisotope thermoelectric generators may be required.
The advantage of this technology is that it allows satellites to continue operating at extremely low altitudes, even below 400 kilometers. This ability can "offset" atmospheric drag and extend the satellite's life.
Development and Testing
European Projects
The development of the technology is being led by the European Space Agency (ESA) and its agencies, with SITAEL starting the RAM-EP experiment in 2017. The main component of the system includes a modern rapid plasma thruster that can operate without direct contact with the plasma, which greatly reduces wear and tear on the equipment. We will look forward to noting how these devices perform under different atmospheric conditions in the future.
As the technology matures, ABEP may become an important option in future space mission planning.
Studies in the United States and Japan
Busek, a US company, proposed the concept of an air-breathing Hall-effect thruster in 2004 and began feasibility studies on Mars. In addition, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is also developing similar technologies and plans to apply them to future space exploration missions.
Future Outlook
As ABEP advances, many scientists and engineers believe this emerging technology will revolutionize our space mission planning. For example, it could enable humans to conduct more in-depth exploration of other planets beyond Earth, such as Mars or Venus, and even pave the way for future space colonization.
This technology is not just for Earth orbit applications; its potential also includes utilizing the rich atmospheric resources of other planets.
However, as this technology develops, coupled with the adaptation of related policies and technologies, how will the dynamics of future space exploration evolve?
