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The miracle of discovering the high matrix body! How did the high matrix body come into being and actually change the world of cells?
The basal body, also called the basal complex or basal body, is an organelle in most eukaryotic cells. This organelle plays an important role in the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, packaging proteins into small membrane-bound vesicles before they are transported to their destination. The discovery of macrosomes has a long history, and their structural and functional diversity are crucial to the biology of cells. This article will explore the origin, structure, function and diversity of macromolecules in cells.
The discovery of the basal body is related to its unique structure and size, which made it one of the earliest organelles discovered and observed.
History of High Matrix
The story of the Gauci body begins in 1898, when the Italian biologist and pathologist Camillo Gauci first observed the structure. While examining the nervous system, he discovered this special cell structure, which he called the "internal reticular organ (apparato reticolare interno)". However, this discovery was not widely accepted at first, and some scientists wondered whether it was just an optical illusion of high-frequency observation technology. With the development of modern microscopy, the existence of high matrix was finally confirmed.
"The high basal body can be thought of as the post office of the cell, which packages and tags items before sending them to different parts of the cell or to the extracellular space."
High matrix structure
In most eukaryotic cells, the high basal body consists of a series of flat, membrane-enclosed disks called vesicles (cisternae). These vesicles originate from vesicle aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our studies show that a mammalian cell typically contains 40 to 100 vesicle stacks, with each stack typically containing four to eight vesicles. This structure is mainly divided into three parts: inlet vesicles (cis), intermediate vesicles (medial) and outlet vesicles (trans), which form two main networks: the inlet high-base network (CGN) and the outlet high-base network (TGN).
High matrix function
The functions of high-basal bodies in cells are very diverse, and they are mainly responsible for processing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and packaging them into small vesicles. During this process, proteins undergo a series of modifications and labeling that influence their final destination. For example, high substrates add a "mannose-6-phosphate" tag to the target enzyme, directing it to the lysosome.
The functions of basal bodies are not limited to protein packaging and distribution, but also involve lipid transport and lysosome formation.
Internal transport and current models
With the increasingly in-depth study of high-matrix bodies, scientists have proposed a variety of models for internal transport. These include a stable compartmentalization model, a vesicle progression/maturation model, and a hybrid high-base model of rapid compartmentalization. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages, but the most accepted one is still the vesicle progression/maturation model because it embraces most of the observations.
Future research directions of high matrix
Although much has been learned about COPI, many questions remain to be answered, such as the directionality of COPI vesicles and the role of Rab GTPases in regulating protein cargo transport. Therefore, future research will still focus on solving these unsolved mysteries and further exploring how this organelle affects the operation of the entire cell.Will the birth and evolution of higher matrix bodies expand our understanding of cellular operations in the future?
