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The miraculous function of the kidney: How does a tiny kidney protect the health of the whole body?
The kidneys, two small, bean-shaped organs, are responsible for many critical physiological functions, from regulating fluid balance in the body to removing harmful toxins. In fact, the functions of the kidneys are more complex and diverse than we think. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the amazing functions of our kidneys and how they support our overall health.
Core functions of the kidneys
The main functions of the kidneys include maintaining acid-base balance, fluid balance, regulating the concentration of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes, removing toxins from the body, absorbing glucose, amino acids and other small molecules, regulating blood pressure, and producing various hormones, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. It can also promote the activation of vitamin D.Importance of Kidney Filtration RateThe kidneys perform their various functions through a process called tubular filtration. This process involves filtering blood through the glomerulus, with approximately several milliliters of fluid filtered into the renal tubules every minute.
A major measure of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR represents the amount of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule per unit time. Generally speaking, the higher the GFR, the better the kidneys' filtering function. Under normal circumstances, the GFR range for healthy adults is approximately 90-120 mL/min. This data can help doctors assess the health of the kidneys.
Assessment and monitoring of renal status
In clinical practice, doctors usually assess GFR based on serum creatinine concentration. Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism and one of the standard substances filtered by the kidneys. Based on the amount of creatinine excreted, doctors can calculate the filtering capacity of the kidneys.
Although changes in creatinine can be used as an indicator of GFR, this method has certain limitations. Especially in people with highly variable muscle mass, reliance on creatinine values alone may lead to misdiagnosis.
Innovative measurement methods
In addition to creatinine, renal function can be assessed using other methods, such as the use of endogenous markers such as amino acids or thiabendazole, to accurately calculate GFR. In addition, other surrogate markers have become available in recent years, such as cystin C, which provide a more reliable way to assess renal function, especially in patients at risk for chronic kidney disease.
Effects of Kidney DiseaseChronic kidney disease is a global health problem with the number of people affected increasing. In its early stages, kidney disease may not have any noticeable symptoms, which makes early detection particularly important. Once the GFR drops below critical values, patients may experience symptoms such as fatigue, high blood pressure, or edema.
Regular kidney function testing is essential to detect potential problems early, especially for those with increased risk factors, such as diabetes or a family history of the disease.
Measures to maintain kidney health
There are several key lifestyle changes you can make to keep your kidneys healthy. First of all, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive intake of salt and sugar, and regularly checking blood pressure and blood sugar are all effective ways to protect your kidneys.
In summary, although the kidneys are small in size, they undertake many key physiological functions and protect our health. The wonders of kidneys can help us live healthy lives, but do we take kidney health seriously?
