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The Secret of Gum Hyperplasia: How This Rare Genetic Disease Affects Your Smile?
To outsiders, excessive gum growth may seem like a minor problem, but in fact, this rare genetic disease can have a profound impact on a patient’s quality of life. The symptoms and effects of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF) are often underestimated, however, understanding the nature of this condition is critical for affected individuals and their families.
What is gingival hyperplasia?
Gingival hyperplasia is a benign, chronic progressive condition that is often accompanied by fibrous enlargement of the keratinous gingiva in the oral cavity. This condition is most common in the gums of the upper and lower jaws and may gradually cover the teeth over time, causing cosmetic damage. Research shows that gingival hyperplasia occurs in 1 in 175,000 people and affects both men and women, but the exact cause remains unclear.
Symptoms and signs
"The most obvious symptom is excessive gum hyperplasia. Patients may have difficulty eating, abnormal tooth movement, and oral ulcers."
The symptoms of gingival hyperplasia are not obvious, and patients may not have clear family medical records or records of long-term medication use. Common signs include significant enlargement of the gums, muffled speech, and secondary inflammatory changes at the gum margins. The gums may grow to varying degrees, sometimes only slightly covering the teeth, sometimes completely enveloping the surrounding teeth.
Cause and genetics
"Research indicates that excessive gingival hyperplasia may be caused by mutations in the SOS1 gene."
As for the causes of gingival hyperplasia, current research mainly focuses on genetic factors. Some studies suggest that mutations in the SOS1 gene may be a major cause of the disease. In addition, the disease may also be associated with certain multisystem syndromes, including Zimmerman-Laband syndrome and Rutherford syndrome. Although research continues, it is not yet possible to determine all causes and contributing factors.
How to diagnose?
Currently, the main way to diagnose gingival hyperplasia is through a physical examination. If a physician recognizes the classic signs of gum bruising, the patient will often be referred to a dentist or periodontist for a more in-depth evaluation. In addition, molecular tests can be used to detect whether the disease is related to genetic mutations.
Treatment methods
"Although treatment cannot prevent the condition from recurring, patients can monitor the condition through regular oral examinations."
While gum overgrowth is not life-threatening, it can lead to a variety of oral problems if left untreated. Common treatments include surgery, such as preventative oral care, followed by removal of excess gum tissue and ongoing follow-up treatments to ensure oral hygiene. The effectiveness of these methods varies from person to person, and some patients may still be at risk of recurrence after surgery.
Latest research results
Recent research suggests that gingival hyperplasia may occur as a Mendelian trait, meaning that inherited conditions may affect its manifestations. Additionally, case-specific studies have shown that routine follow-up care after surgery is critical to maintaining aggressive oral hygiene and preventing recurrence.
Conclusion
People’s understanding of gingival hyperplasia still needs to be strengthened, which not only involves the physical and mental health of patients, but also affects and troubles daily life. How much impact can such a rare genetic disease have on a person's smile?
