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The history of corporal punishment: How did British influence shape school culture?
The use of physical punishment in schools is often seen as a direct response to poor student behavior. This culture of punishment was so deeply ingrained in 19th and 20th century Britain that it had a lasting impact on the education systems of many English-speaking countries. According to the common legal concept
, teachers are believed to have the right to severely discipline students who do not conform to the rules, which is reflected similarly in many cultural backgrounds. Since then, the use of physical punishment in schools has sparked widespread debate, with both support and opposition."in loco parentis"
Historical background and cultural roots
Physical punishment in the UK is mostly targeted at teenage boys, and its use is frequently mentioned in literature and social culture. As time went by, although this practice was gradually prohibited by law, its cultural influence remains far-reaching. By 1987, both state and private schools in the UK had completely banned this practice.
The legal basis of physical punishment
The legal view of physical punishment has also changed over time. According to British case law from 1770, teachers have similar powers to a certain extent as parents. This makes corporal punishment considered legal in some countries. Similar traces of this concept can be found in China and some other countries.
Current situation and trends
According to recent data, some 128 countries have banned physical punishment in schools, while many European and South American countries have frequently called for the protection of children's rights. At the same time, some southern U.S. states and some African and Asian countries still allow such punishments.
“Many experts point out that physical punishment does not improve student behavior and may instead lead to greater social problems.”
Impact on students
According to research from the American Academy of Pediatrics, physical punishment not only fails to improve academic performance, but is associated with a variety of negative outcomes for students, including increased aggressive behavior, depressed mood, and anxiety. According to research, alternative non-violent discipline methods are more effective in promoting student learning and behavioral improvement.
Alternatives
Experts who oppose physical punishment recommend that educators use non-violent methods to manage student behavior. Establishing a good communication environment, respecting students and encouraging self-management are considered effective alternatives.
Student Rights and International Law
Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, countries should take steps to protect children from any form of physical or mental abuse. This convention clearly states that children's rights should not be violated in schools and that the use of physical punishment is contrary to this spirit.
Global Perspective
Globally, countries have different attitudes towards physical punishment in schools. Some countries, such as Poland, banned the practice as early as 1783, while others have not changed it to this day. This legal and cultural background makes people think: Is this kind of punishment still necessary in the education system?
When we look back at past education methods, how has physical punishment affected contemporary school culture? In future educational concepts, how will we balance the boundaries between discipline and dignity?
