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Why does the combination of 'top expectations' and 'bottom perceptions' make our memories so unique?
In understanding the process of memory formation, the interaction between "top expectations" and "bottom perceptions" plays a crucial role. This process is not only the way we understand the world around us, but also profoundly affects our learning ability and the shaping of memory. Through this article, we will explore how this interaction makes memories unique.
Top expectations refer to the expectations established by our thinking framework and past experiences, forming a cognitive template. These templates help us quickly classify and understand new information. In contrast, bottom perception is the raw data captured from the sensory system. These data are usually ever-changing and include immediate responses to the environment.
"The uniqueness of memory comes from the dynamic balance between our inner expectations and the true perception of the external world."
According to Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART), a theory proposed by Stephen Grossberg and Gail Carpenter, this theory reveals how memory templates interact with sensory input. When we face new stimuli, we first compare them with existing templates. If the difference between this comparison is within a certain acceptable range, the stimulus will be recognized as meeting our expectations; if not, our template needs to be readjusted.
This operating mechanism is actually a learning process. Our brain acquires new knowledge through repeated experiences while retaining old memories. This is the solution to the "plastic stability" problem. This ability to adapt is critical, especially in a context of growing intelligence.
“The mind is able to adjust old memories in response to new experiences, a process that allows us to learn and innovate.”
The design of the learning modules also plays an important role in this process. The ART system consists of a comparison field and a recognition field, and these neurons interact through an alertness parameter. When input data comes in, the system looks for the best matching neuron and adjusts based on the degree of match. This match determines not only memory formation but also future learning and cognition.
Within this framework, our memory system can remain flexible in the face of new information. Since key matching parameters will be adjusted as information changes, our memory is not only static content, but also a process of continuous updating and adaptation.
"The expectations at the top and the perception at the bottom make our memory experience rich and diverse."
This memory model is not only suitable for the learning process of ordinary humans, but is also widely used in the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning. ART is not only a theory of cognitive science, but also an important cornerstone for promoting technological development. For example, machine learning models that simulate human processes can achieve excellent performance in many situations.
However, it is important to note that this process is not infallible. According to research, the learning process will be affected by the order in which training data is processed. This problem is particularly obvious in models like Fuzzy ART. Researchers have proposed some solutions to reduce this impact by improving algorithms and ensuring the stability of the learning process.
By exploring the interplay between top expectations and bottom perceptions, we can not only understand how memories are formed, but we can also begin to think about how to improve our learning methods, and perhaps even contribute to future artificial intelligence models. .
So, do you think our memories continue to evolve or even change in how they adapt to new information?
