A. A. Mahmoud

Organotin polymers—XVI. Synthesis of p-acryloyloxybenzoic acid and n-methacryloyloxytetrabromophthalimide and copolymerizations with tri-n-butyltin acrylate and methacrylate

Abstract p -Acryloyloxybenzoic acid (ABA) and N -methacryloyloxytetrabromophthalimide (NMTP) were prepared. The monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of tri-n-butyltin acrylate (monomer-1) with ABA and NMTP have been found to be r 1 , = 1.01, r 2 = 0.40 and r 1 , = 0.69, r 2 = 0.90 respectively; those for tri-n-butyltin methacrylate (monomer-l) with ABA and NMTP were r 1 = 2.21, r 2 = 0.87 and r 1 = 0.85, r 2 = 1.35 respectively. Copolymerizations were carried out in solution at 70° using 1 mol% azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The structures of the monomers were investigated by i.r. and 1 H-NMR.

Organotin polymers: 10. Copolymerization parameters for di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and acrylonitrile

The monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate (M1) with methyl acrylate (M2), ethyl acrylate (M2), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (M2) and acrylonitrile (M2) were found to be r1 = 0.387, r2 = 0.671; r1 = 0.555, r2 = 0.958; r1 = 0.033, r2 = 0.185 and r1 = 0.441, r2 = 0.425, respectively. Copolymerization reactions were carried out in solution at 60°C using 1 mol% AIBN, with copolymer compositions being determined by tin analysis. The Q and e values for di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate were calculated from the monomer reactivity ratios determined in the present and previous studies. The sequence distribution of the triad fractions for the systems studied were calculated at azeotropic compositions.

Improvement of white pinewood properties by impregnation with thiourea–formaldehyde resin and orthophosphoric acid

White pinewood was impregnated with thiourea–formaldehyde (TUF) resin and orthophosphoric acid (OPA) as a crosslinking agent. The best weight gains (55–138%) were obtained after impregnation with an aqueous solution of TUF resin for 1 h and impregnation with aqueous solutions of OPA at different concentrations for 1 h. Water uptake of treated wood was found to be 23% after a water-soaking test of 168 h, and a maximum antiswell efficiency was found to be 18% for a 85% OPA solution. Compression strength of the treated wood also improved with the highest value 62 KN/m2 for wood treated with a 70% OPA solution versus a value of 40 KN/m2 for untreated samples. Fire retardancy of the treated wood samples was also improved based on concentration of OPA.

Organotin polymers—XIX. Copolymerization parameters of p-acryloyloxy-tri-N-butyltin benzoate with allyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate

Abstract Radical copolymerizations of p -acryloyloxy-tri-n-butyltin benzoate (ABTB) with allyl methacrylate, N -vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate were carried out in solution at 70° using 1 mol% azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined from tin analyses. The monomer reactivity ratios for copolymerizations of ABTB (monomer-1) with allyl methacrylate, N -vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate have been found to be r 1 = 0.28, r 2 = 0.89; r 1 = 0.07; r 2 = 0.40 and r 1 = 0.92, r 2 = 0.99, respectively. The Q and e values for the organotin monomer were calculated.

Organotin polymers—XVIII. Azeotropy in binary and ternary copolymerizations of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene and n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone

Binary and ternary copolymerizations of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate (TBTI) with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) were carried out in solution at 60° in the presence of a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agreed well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation. Determination of unitary, binary and ternary azeotropies of the various systems studied was easily handled by a computer. Ternary azeotropic compositions for TBTI-MMA-NVP and TBTI-ST-NVP systems were 13:69:18 and 26:60:14 mol% respectively.

Improvement of white pine wood properties by impregnation with mixtures of methyl methacrylate and phthalimide monomers, subsequent in situ copolymerization

White pine wood was impregnated with a mixture of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N‐methacryloyloxyphthalimide and by other three mixtures prepared by mixing MMA and N‐methacryloyloxytetrabromo‐phthalimide. Water uptake of treated wood was found to be 54 per cent after water‐soaking test of 168 h and maximum antiswell efficiency was found to be 48 per cent for treated wood samples with non‐brominated comonomer mixture.